Jizzak state pedagogical institute

JIZZAK STATE PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE

Kholmurodova Olima Abdivalievna
Comparative typological study of Uzbek and English cumulative fairy tales

Monograph

United States of America
Amazon.com.Inc
All rights reserved Copyright©
Editor J.S. Eshonkulov
doctor of philology, professor, leading researcher of the Institute of Uzbek language and literature, folklore of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic opf Uzbekistan

Cover design by Amazon.com

First ediGon ISBN: 9798366330718

No part of this publicaGon may be reproduced, distributed, or transmiSed in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior wriSen permission of the publisher for criGcal reviews and for some other non- commercial purposes. Address: 410 Terry Ave N. SeaSle, WA 98109.
www.amazon.com


Reviewers :
A.E. Mamatov
doctor of philology, professor, dean of the Faculty of Foreign Languages of JSPI
Sh. Turdimov,
doctor of philology, professor, leading researcher of the Institute of Uzbek language, literature, and folklore of the Uzbek State Academy of Arts.

Monograph was recommended for publication based on the decision No. 6 of the Scientific Council of the Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute dated January 29, 2022
In this monograph, the research conducted on the genre features of Uzbek and English cumulative fairy tales and their unique epic interpretation is systematically analyzed. The composition of cumulative fairy tales, the composition of images, the series of traditional motifs and the main plot types are defined, and the functional- semantic features of the initial, medial and final parts of folklore works of this type are revealed. Also, the uniqueness of motifs and plot chains specific to Uzbek and English cumulative fairy tales is comparatively researched, and the means of artistic representation and linguopoetic features of cumulative fairy tales are scientifically studied based on the text of Uzbek and English fairy tales.
This monograph is recommended as an additional source for philological and folklore studies, and serves as a source for scientific research on Uzbek and English folklore. In the next three years, as in all areas of our country, the attention to our priceless national values, including examples of folk oral creativity, increased. Modern times require speed, new approaches.In world folklore studies, the interest and attention to determine how much the oral artistic creation of each nation has a place in the world civilization has increased tremendously. In particular, the scope of research aimed at elucidating the historical- genetic roots of epic plots, which had a strong influence on the development of poetic thinking, and the characteristics of the artistic evolution of archetypal motifs is expanding. The typological catalog (TC) of the epic plots and motifs of the peoples of the world, compiled by A. Aarne, S. Thompson and H.Y. Uther, was published to improve the classification of the Turkic peoples of Central Asia, including Uzbek folk tales, and to identify the main plot types,made it possible to conduct largescale scientific research. The research on the typology and poetic transformation of epic plots in contemporary world folklore has opened a new stage in the study of the composition of genres of folk prose. As a result, during the gradual development of storytelling traditions, it was found that the type of cumulative tales based on the repetition of reality in a chain form was formed. European fairy tale scholars, in particular, scientific and theoretical conclusions obtained as a result of the study of English folk prose became the basis for researching the specific characteristics, poetic structure, composition of motifs and the system of images of cumulative tales in Uzbek folklore.


PREFACE
In the folklore studies of the world , the work and attention to find out what place the oral artistic creativity of each people has in the world civilization has increased in life. At the same time, the scope of research aimed at elucidating the historical-genetic roots of epic plots, which had a strong influence on the development of poetic thinking, and the characteristics of the artistic evolution of archetypal motifs , is expanding . The publication of the typological catalog (PTC ) of the epic plots and motifs of the peoples of the world by A. Aarne , S. Thompson and H.Y. Uter is also perfecting the classification of the Turkic peoples of Central Asia , including the Uzbek folk tales . made it possible to carry out large-scale scientific research on the identification of the main plot types .
Typology and poetic transformation of epic plots in contemporary world folklore has opened a new stage in the study of the composition of genres of folk prose . As a result, it was found that during the gradual development of storytelling traditions, a type of cumulative tales based on repeating reality in a chain form was formed . The scientific-theoretical conclusions obtained as a result of the study of European folklorists, in particular, the English folk prose , became the basis for the study of the specific characteristics, poetic structure, composition of motives and the system of images of cumulative tales in Uzbek folklore .
In the next three years, as in all areas of our country, the attention to our precious national values , including examples of folk art , increased. As the present time requires speed and new approaches, it also causes the formation of new approaches and new ideas in the study of examples of folk art . 21st century folklore study and analysis of examples of folklore creations , study in connection with contemporary social relations , their wide dissemination among the peoples of the world , transfer of folklore examples to modern computer technology do not forget the important directions . In recent years, the attention to folk art has been increased and improved by the leadership of our country . " The ancient history and culture of any nation is embodied , first of all, in its oral creation - folklore art, epics and epics , which help to understand the identity of the nation, preserve and develop its unique national values and traditions . beba h o source is considered" ¹. Folktales have a special place in the history, national culture, and art of speech of our people . This type of art, which has been handed down from ancestors for centuries, has gained its own importance in developing the nation's thinking, in raising aesthetic taste, and in educating the young generation as a perfect human being in all aspects . serves to define .

1. 
   Aarne, S. Thompson, H. Y. Uter, V. Ya . Propp , E. M. Meletinsky , V. Anikin , L. G. Barag , E. A. The services of scientists such as Tudorovskaya and Yu.M. Sokolov should be highlighted separately. UNESCO's 1989 publication "Proposals for the Preservation of ²Traditional Culture and Folklore " highlighted the classification as one of the greatest efforts to preserve fairy tales .
   

Fairy tales was developed by many scholars on the basis of folk tales , among them " Index of Motives of Folk Tales" by Stith Thompson, "Morphology of Fairy Tales" by V. Ya. Propp and in a modern and expanded form ATU (Aarne/ Thompson /Uter) " Types of international fairy tales: classification and bibliography" is not a basis for the classification of fairy tales . Classification is developed according to fairy tales, their type, motive and function . The first classification system based on fairy tale themes, known as the fairy tale type index, was created in 1910 by Antti Aarne and improved and supplemented by Stit Thompson and Hans-Jorg Uther . Of course, A. Aarne 's role in the classification of fairy tales is incomparable , he was one of the first to classify fairy tales about animals based on the fairy tales of European peoples in the book "Index of Fairy Tale Types " ; lovely tales ; h fairy tales; divided into types such as anecdotes and poems.

The American scholar Steve Thompson revised and expanded the work of Antti Aarne and republished it in 1928 under the title " Types of Folktales : Classification and Bibliography" . Thompson classified fairy tales into 3 main groups, animal tales , conventional magical tales , and humorous tales . The American folklorist Archer Taylor contributed a lot to the catalog of this species to more than 2,000 . He found the types of fairy tales based on chain links and added them to Aarne and Thompson 's classification under the name of formulaic fairy tales to the fourth type . lovely tales ; h fairy tales; anecdotes and jokes; formulaic tales; unclassified tales is permissible to highlight the merits of folklorist M. Afzalov in dividing Uzbek folk tales into types. The scientist mainly divides fairy tales into three : about animals , magical -fantasy and life - satirical tales . K.Imomov divides Uzbek folk tales into two types: magical and life -like , and recommends studying animal tales as ³part of magical tales . In his research , the folklorist scientist M. Joraev thoroughly studied the importance of numbers in folk tales . S. Jumaeva emphasizes the leadership of Uzbek fairy tales about animals , and Z. Usmonova emphasizes the role of novelistic tales .
Uzbek storytelling has made great achievements . In particular, the Uzbek scientist M. Joraev developed the "Catalogue of Uzbek magical tales" in cooperation with the German scientist G. Keller and H. Rahimov . The publication of this catalog in Germany is one of the greatest achievements of Uzbek folklore studies .
Cumulative tales are available in the fund of tales of all nations, and the information we have about Uzbek cumulative tales is limited only to scientific articles . I. Bolte and G. Polivka, A. I. Nikiforov, O. I. Kapitsa, M. Khaavio, A. Taylor, S. Thomson, E. V. Pomerantseva, I. I. Tolstoy, N. .Roshiyanu, V.Ya.Propp, V.P.Anikin, N.M. Gerasimov, I.I. Kruk, I.F. Amroyan, A. Kretov, N.A. We can see in the research of Akimenko and many other scientists.
In addition , S. Q as q Abasov, E. Tursunov, A. Baymuradov, Sh. Geldieva, F. Kh. Gezalov, B. Karimov, M. Afzalov, K. Imomov, G '. Jalolov, Q. Beknazarov, J. Yusupov, S. Jumaeva , N. Dosthojaeva, Z. Usmonova, M. Sodikova , K. Scientists such as Q. Odirov, Z. Rasulova, Sh. Nazarova have many scientific researches in this direction .
However , no scientific research has been conducted on the unique genre characteristics, structure, motive, plot and artistry of Uzbek cumulative fairy tales . In addition, Uzbek cumulative fairy tales have not been studied in comparison to English folk tales . Comparative study of Uzbek and English cumulative tales is one of the most urgent tasks in folklore studies . This monograph analyzes the Uzbek and English cumulative fairy tales from a comparative - typological point of view to determine the similar and different aspects of the fairy - tale traditions of the two nations , the specific characteristics of the cumulative fairy tales, the history of the formation of the plot system, is important in clarifying the composition of motifs and the epic transformation of the system of images .
For the first time in Uzbek folklore, the plot of cumulative fairy tales has a chain-repetitive appearance, the question-answer formula and poetic parts play an important role in the artistic context , the composition consists of a beginning, an epic narrative and an ending, and this type of fairy tales has many names . it was determined that the plots were formed based on the circle and the motives connected to each other . Cumulative fairy tales are divided into well -formed repetitive syntactic clauses and characterized by the artistic interpretation of multifaceted and complex relations between man and the world around him . At the same time, the composition of cumulative tales, the composition of images, the series of traditional motifs and the main plot types were identified , and the functional- semantic features of the initial , medial and final parts of this type of folklore works were revealed.
The scientific significance of the comparative study of Uzbek and English cumulative fairy tales is the comparative study of folk tales of different peoples , showing the uniqueness of cumulativeness in the direction of fairy-tale studies, and comparing the reflection of the cumulative structure in Uzbek and English folk tales . It is manifested in the identification of the peculiarities and solutions of the study of the problems related to the development in a comparative aspect, and the evidence collected in the monograph serves as a source for scientific work on the fairy tale genre in the wide coverage of the Uzbek folklore . is determined.