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boshi.............................................................................................................. ....................3 719 Kirish ....................................................................................................................... ................6 I bob. Ob-havo sharoiti va inson faoliyati I.I. Tashqi muhitni ifloslantiruvchi moddalar. Ifloslanish darajasi ....................................................................................................................... .............15 I.2.Odam organizmining tashqi muhit holatini baholash tizimlari .................................15 I. 3. Inson faoliyatining asosiy turlari .....................................................................................20 II bob. Ishlab chiqarish muhitining ob-havo sharoiti II. 1. Inson organizmining tashqi muhitga moslashuvi............................................................27 II. 2. Ishlab chiqarish mikroiqlimining gigienik normalari......................................................30 II. 3. Mu'tadil ob-havo sharoitini yaratish chora-tadbiriari ………………............................35 II. 4. Ishlab chiqarish mikroiqlimini o'lchash usullari ............................................................38 II. 5. Atmosfera havosi tarkibida changlar ..............................................................................44 II. 6. Changning zararli ta'siri ................................................................................................45 II. 7. Changga qqarshi kurash chora-tadbirlari ......................................................................49 II. 8. Atmosfera havosi tarkibidagi chang miqdorini aniqlash ...............................................52 II. 9. Sanoat korxonalandagi zaharlar va zaharlanish .............................................................56 II. 10. Zaharning organizmga tushish yo'llari va taqdiri .........................................................58 II. 11. Ishlab chiqqarish havo muhitida zararli moddalarning yo'l qo'ysa bo'ladigan zichlik miqdorlari ................................................................................63 III bob. Sanoat korxonalarida shamollatish qurilmalariga qo'yiladigan asosiy talablar .....................................................................................................68 720 III. 1. Shamollatish usullari......................................................................................................69 III. 2. Tabiiy shamollatish................................................................................................... .....75 III. 3. Havoni mo'tadillashtirish............................................................................................ ...79 III.4.Havoni tozalash va atmosferaga chiqarib yuborishni tashkil qilish.............................. 79 III. 5. Avariya shamollatish tizimi...........................................................................................81 III. 6. Mahalliy shamollatish tizimi ........................................................................................81 III. 7. Shamollatish qurilmalarini ishlatish...............................................................................84 IV bob Changlangan havoni tozalash qurilmalari IV.1.Havo tozalash qurilmalariga qo'yiladigan asosiy talablar........................................86 IV. 2. Chang tozalash kameralari.............................................................................................89 IV. 3. Matoli filtrlar............................................................................................................. .....91 IV. 4. Siklonlar......................................................................................................... ................95 V bob. Shovqindan saqlanish 5. 1. Shovqin haqida tushincha................................................................................................97 5. 2. Shovqinning zararli ta'siri, normalari.............................................................................101 5. 3. Shovqinni hisoblash....................................................................................................... 104 5. 4. Shovqinga qarshi kurash usullari...................................................................................106 5. 5. Shovqin to'suvchi qopqoq, ekran va kabinalar..............................................................114 721 5. 6. Shovqinga qarshi shaxsiy muhofaza aslahalari..............................................................118 5. 7. Infra va ultra tovushlardan saqlanish.............................................................................119 VI bob. Sanoat korxonalarini yoritish 6. 1. Yorug'likning asosiy tavsiflari va o'lchov birliklari.......................................................122 6. 2. Sanoat korxonalarini yoritish usullari............................................................................125 6.3. Sanoat korxonalarini yoritishga qo'yiladigan asosiy talablar.............................128 6.4. Sun'iy yoritish manbalari...............................................................................................130 6. 5. Yoritgichlar va ulami joylashtirish................................................................................132 6. 6. Sun'iy yoritish normalari................................................................................................137 6. 7. Sun'iy yoritilishni hisoblash........................:..................................................................143 6. 8. Tabiiy yoritilish normalari.............................................................................................146 VII bob. Magnit maydonidan saqlanish 7. 1. Elektromagnit maydonining tavsifi................................................................................150 7.2. O'zgaruvchan elektromagnit maydonining inson organizmiga ta'siri.............................152 7.3. Elektromagnit maydonining normalari. muhofaza usullari................................154 7.4. O'lchov asboblari ...........................................................................................................158 7.5. Lazer nurlaridan saqlanish..............................................................................................159 VIII bob. Radioaktiv nurlanishlardan saqlanish. 8.1. Radioaktiv nurlanishlar va ularning xossalari................................................................161 8.2. Radioaktiv nurlarning inson organizmiga ta'siri.............................................................163 8.3. Nurlanish normalari........................................................................................................ 722 165 8.4. Radioaktiv nurlanishlarga qarshi kurash chora- tadbirlari………………………….......168 8.5. O'lchash asboblari ..........................................................................................................171 8.6. Shaxsiy muhofaza aslahalari ..........................................................................................171 IX bob. Texnika vositalarida xavf-xatarlar va ulardan muhofazalanish 9.1. Xavf-xatar haqida tushinchalar va ulanii tahlil qilish.....................................................174 9.2. Xavfhing son ko'rsatgichi...............................................................................................181 9.3. Jarohatlanish, baxtsiz hodisa va kasb kasalliklari..........................................................182 9.4. Sanoat korxonalarida baxtsiz hodisalarni va kasb kasal- liklarini tekshirish va hisobga olish.............................……...................................................184 9.5. Sanoat jarohatlanishi va kasb kasalliklarini o’rganish usullari................................186 9.6. Sanoat jarohatlanishi sabablarini tahlil qilish.................................................................186 X bob. Elektr xavfsizligi 10.1. Inson tanasiga elektr tokining ta’siri ...........................................................................192 10.2. Inson tanasining elektr tokiga ko’satayotgan qarshiligi………………………............195 10.3. Insonni elektr tokidan shikastlanishining asosiy omili….............................................198 10.4. Elektr toki ta’siriga tushib qolishdan himoya usullari..................................................201 10.5. Elektr qurilmalarini himoya vositalari………..............................................................211 XI bob. Elektr himoya vositalari 11.1. Umumiy tushuncalar………………………………..................................................... 243 11.2. Kuchlanishi 1000Vgacha bo’lgan elektr uskunalariga xizmat vaqtida qo’llaniladigan himoya 723 vositalari......................................................................................................... ...........244 11.3. Kuchlanishi 1000Vgacha bo’lgan elektr uskunalarida xizmat doirasida qollaniladigan himoya vositalari…..................................................................................................... ..........249 11.4. Elektr xavfsizligini tashkiliy chora- tadbirlari…..........................................................253 11.5. Elektr tokidan jarohatlanganda birinchi tibbiy yordam……………………………....256 XII bob. Yong’in havsizligi 12.1. Yong’in havsizligi bo’yicha umumiy ma’lumotlar………………………………......262 12.2. Yong’in va portlash sabablari…………………...........................................................264 12.3. Elektr qurilmalarida yong’inni o’chirish………..........................................................268 XIII bob. Sanoatda xavfsizlik vositalari................................................................................272 13.1. Xavfsizlikni ta'rninlovchi asosiy shartlar .....................................................................274 13.2. Mashinalarning xavili zonalari.. ...................................................................................276 13.3. Muhofazalovchi to'siq vositalari ..................................................................................278 13.4. Saqlovchi muhofaza vositalari .....................................................................................281 13.5. Blokirovka qurilmalari.. ...............................................................................................284 13.6. Signal tizimlari... ..........................................................................................................287 13.7. Yuk ko'tarish mashinalarida ishlaganda xavfsizlikni ta'minlash.. .................289 XIV bob. Mehnatni muhofaza qilish qonunlari va tashkiliy asoslari 14.1. Mehnat qilish qonunlari................................................................................................292 14.2. Mehnatni muhofaza qilish bo'yicha davlat nazorat tashkilotlari va jamoat nazorati.. ..............................................................................296 724 14.3. Ma'muriyatning xavfsiz va sog'lom ish sharoitini tashkil qilish majburiyatlari...........301 14.4. Mehnatni muhofaza qilishning nomenklatura chora- tadbirlari..........................302 14.5. Xavfsizlik texnikasi muhandisining vazifalari.............................................................304 14.6. Mehnatni muhofaza qilish qoidalari, me'yor va yo'riqnomalarini buzganlik uchun javobgarlik................................................................306 14.7. Yo'riqnomalar o'tkazish va ishchilarni xavfsiz ishlash usullariga o'rgatish.......................................................................................................... .......308 14.8. Mehnatni muhofaza qilish kabiiieti.................................................... ..........................311 XV bob. Sanoat korxonalarini qurish va ishlatishda mehnatni muhofaza qilishga qaratilgan chora- tadbirlar 15.1 Sanoat korxonalarini qurish va ishlatishga qo'yiladigan asosiy talablar..................314 15.2. Mashinasozlik sanoati korxonasini qurish uchun maydon tanlash............................................................................................................ ........................315 15.3. Sanoat korxonasi hududi...............................................................................................317 15.4. Sanoat korxonasi xonalari ............................................................................................318 15.5. Sanoat korxonalarini suv bilan ta'minlash va kanalizatsiya tizimlari ..........................321 15.6. Yordamchi bino va yordamchi xonalar ........................................................................323 XVI bob. Fuqorolar muhofazasi 16.1. Fuqorolar mufofazasining asosiy vazifalari................................................................. 327 16.2. Bo'lishi mumkin bo'lgan tabiiy ofatlarning qisqacha tavsil………....................……. 331 16.3. Zilzilalar, vulqonlar otilishi va yerga meteoritlarning tushishi.........................334 16.4. Mo'maqaldiroq, chaqmoq, do'l, qurg'oqchilik va boshqa tabiat odisalari....................352 725 16.5. Tabiiy ofatlardan muhofazalanish yo'llari....................................................................360 16.6.Aholini va aholi vashash hududlarini tinchlik sharoitda favqulodda hodisalar vaqtida xavfsiziigini ta'minlash……………………………….............................................363 16.7. Kimyoviy xavf manbalari.............................................................................................375 16.8.Radiatsivaga xavfli obvektlar.........................................................................................378 XVII bob. Yong'inni oldini olishga qaratilgan chora-tadbirlar 17.1.Yonish jarayoni.......................................................................................................... ....384 17.2. Yonish turlari.............................................................................................................. ..385 17.3.Gazsimon moddalarning vonish va portlash xususiyat lari......................................390 17.4.Qattiq moddalarning yonish va yong’inga xavflilik xususivatlari...........................393 17.5. Changlarning yonishi va poitlash xususiyatlari............................................................394 17.6. Sanoat korxonalariniiig yongshiga va portiashga xavfi bo'yicha toifa1ari......................................................................................................... 395 17.7. Sanoat korxonulaianni loyihalash va qurishda yong'inga qarshi kurash tadbirlari.............................. ...........................................................400 17.8. Sanoat korxonasi hududini zonalarga ajratish..............................................................403 17.9. Yong'inga qarshi oraliqlar............. ..... ........... ……………………………….............404 17.10. Yong’inga qarshi to'siq...............................................................................................405 15.11. Evakuatsiya yo'llari.....................................................................................................405 17.12.Yong'in bolgan xonalardagi tutunni chiqanb yuborish vositalari 726 .................................................................................................................406 17.13. Elektr asboblari bilan ishlaganda yong'in xavfsiziigini ta'mimash.. .......................................................................................................407 17.14 Isitish va shamoliatish tizimlari.................................................................................409 17.15 Issiqiik ajralavchi jihozlarda yong’inni oldini olish....................................................410 17.16 Yashin qaytargichlar.................................................................................................. ..411 17.17 Yong’nga qarshi ishlatiladigan texnik qurilmalar........................................................412 17.18 O’t o'chirish vositalari.................................................................................................415 17 19 Karbonat kislotaiar yordamida o’chirish.,...................................................................422 17.20. Maxsus kimyoviy vositalar yordamida o'chirish........................................................424 17.21. Avtomatik o’t o'chirish vositalari................................................................................425 17.22. Yong'inga qarshi kurash xizmatini tashkil qilish........................................................426 XVIII bob. Ish joylarini atstatsiya qilish 18.1. Ish joylari tizimining takomillashtirilishining uslubiy uammolari………….………..428 18.2. Ish joylarini atstatsiya qilish…………………………………………….……………430 18.3. Ish joylari tizimini mukammallashtirishning uslubiy muammolari……………………………………………………………… ……..……………….432 18.4. Ish joylarini atstatsiya qilish ob’ekti……………………………………..…….……..435 18.5. Ish joylarini texnologik va tashkiliy ta’minoti………………………………..………440 18.6. Ish joylari maydonlarini oqilona rejalashtirish…………………………………….…441 18.7. Atstatsiya qilishni tashkiliy va uslubiy taminlash…………………………………….429 727 18.8. Ish joylari sonini aniqlash usullari…………………………………………..………..444 18.9. Ish joylari o’tacha yillik sonini aniqlash va hisobga olish tartibi…………………………………………………............................ ....................……..445 18.10. Atstatsiya qilishda ish joylarini taxlil qilish usullari……..........................................447 18.11. Ish joylari pasporti…………………………………..451 XXI- bob Hayot faoliyati xavfsizligi asoslari 19.1. Hayot faoliyat xavfsizligi asosiy tushuncha va ta’riflari…………….............……….461 19.2. Tavakkal nazariyasining asosiy qoida………...............................................…………468 19.3. Xavfsizlikning tizimli taxlili..………………...............................................…………473 19.4. Faoliyat xavfsizligini boshqarishning uslubiy asoslari………………….....…………479 19.5. Faoliyatni tashkil qiluvchilarga ajratsh…..………................................................…..480 19.6. Faoliyat xavfsizligini ta’minlash prinsip, usul va vositalari………............………….482 19.7. Faoliyat xavfsizligi erganomik asoslari……................................................…………488 19.8. Faoliyat xavfsizligi psixologoyasi…………………................................................…498 19.9. Xavfsizlikni ta’minlashda inson analizatorlari roli…...............................................…504 XX-bob. Videoterminallardagi xavfsizlik muammolari…..............................................…..513 20.1. Kompyuterda ishlash xususiyatlari…………………...............................................…517 20.2. Kompyuterda ishlaganda yuz beradigan zararli va xavfli faktorlar………………………………….……......................................… ………….521 20.3.Kompyuterda ishlagandaxavfsizlik sanitary-gigienik, tashkiliy- texnikaviy, erganomik va proflatik chora- tadbirlar……................................................................................................. 536 728 20.4. Ish joyida va honada akustika komfortni ta`minlash………............................………577 XULOSA…………………………………......................................……… ……………....600 ILOVALAR…………………………………………………................. .......................…...603 Tayanch so’zlar, iboralar va asosiy tushunchalar……………......................................……620 O’zbekiston Respublikasi Qonun va Qarorlari to’plami……........................................……634 Fovdalanilgan adabivotlar..................................................................................................... .823 Mundaraja……………………………………………………………… ……………...…...825 Download 4.05 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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