Лаборатория иши №5

Theoretical questions

1. 
   On the basis of what reactions hydrochloric acid is formed in industry and laboratory conditions?
   
2. 
   What is the effect of external heat on the process when NaCl and H2SO4 react?
   
3. 
   What is the function of each device in obtaining hydrochloric acid from table salt in the laboratory device.
   
4. 
   Why the gas formed during decomposition is passed through concentrated sulfuric acid.
   

Books

1. 
   Pozin ME Rukovodstvo k prakticheskim zanyatiyam po teknologii neorgonicheskie veshestv. L .: Chemistry 1980.
   
2. 
   Pozin ME Technology of mineral fertilizers and soles. M .: Gosximizdat 1957.
   
3. 
   Pozin ME Technology mineralnyx soley. M .: Gosximizdat 1961.
   

LABORATORY WORK №2

ETERIFICATION OF Acetic Acid
Purpose of work: To study the factors influencing the esterification process, the ratio of reagents, the amount of catalysts and the effect of water-absorbing components on the formation of butyl acetate.

THEORETICAL INFORMATION

Acetic acid esters are widely used as a good solvent for nitrocellulose and other varnishes that form high-quality protective films used in the aerospace and automotive industries. Ethers are used in the extraction of water-soluble organic matter, for example in the extraction of acetic acid from resinous waters formed by dry driving of wood to obtain pistachio coal, in the extraction of phenols from phenolic waters formed during the gasification and coking of solid fuels. .

The reaction of butyl alcohol with acetic acid is one of the reversible processes.
S4N9ON + SN3SOONSN3SOOS4N9 + N2O.
Butyl acetate engin order to form large quantities, it is necessary to add an excess amount of acetic acid to the process, or to remove the water formed as a result of the reaction by expulsion or chemical bonding.
Etherification is a slow process, but is somewhat accelerated in the presence of mineral acids or organic sulfoxic acids. This is because these acids have high concentrations of hydrogen ions, which act as catalysts during the reactionensures that In addition to its catalytic effect, concentrated sulfuric acid used in the esterification process also acts as a water-binding agent. This reaction is a clear example of a homogeneous-catalytic reaction that takes place in a liquid state. The reaction is gradual:

S4N9ON + NOSO2ONS4N9OSO2OH + H2O

S4N9OSO2ON + SN3SOONN3OSOS4N9 + N2SO4
In addition the following reaction also goes.
S4N9OSO2ON + S4N9ONS4R9OS4N9 + N2SO4
Materials, equipment and reagents required for the experiment

1. 
   Bottom round tube, size0.5 l.
   
2. 
   Electric stove.
   
3. 
   Turbine refrigerator.
   
4. 
   Separation funnel.
   
5. 
   Concentrated acetic acid.
   
6. 
   Concentrated sulfuric acid.
   
7. 
   Butyl alcohol.