A typology of information packaging
419
to a [
−oblique] function. This blocking is accomplished with some derivational
affix on the verb or verbal complex. Consider the following English example
of an active–passive contrast:
(133)
(a) The boy threw the ball
(b) The ball was thrown by the boy
The active clause is produced by the normal linkings between levels already
established:
(134)
The boy threw the ball
|
|
[
+a]
[
−a]
|
|
[
−oblique]
[
−oblique]
|
|
[
+pivot]
[
−pivot]
The form
be thrown is the passive derived form of the lexeme
throw. The effect
of the passive derivation is to block the normal linking of [
+a] to [−oblique]
and, consequently, [
+pivot]. Because all clauses must have pivots in English,
the pivot then falls to the only other [
−oblique] np, the [−a] argument:
(135)
The ball was thrown by the boy
|
|
[
−a]
[
+a]
|
|
[
−oblique]
[
+oblique]
|
[
+pivot]
It is important to note that passive is a lexical process that affects the
linking
between argument structure and grammatical functions,
not argument structure
itself. In other words, the prominence relations among the arguments of the
argument structure, [
+a]
> [−a]
> [ ], may not be affected, so that [+a]
arguments may still be able to participate in grammatical processes subject
to their high prominence in argument structure. So, in Marathi (Joshi (1989)),
[
+a] arguments control reflexivization and are the target for control of nonfinite
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