Learners’ Continuous Use Intention of Blended Learning: tam-set model
Keywords: blended learning; continuous use intention; technology acceptance model; self-efficacy theory 1. Introduction
Download 0.86 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
sustainability-14-16428
Keywords:
blended learning; continuous use intention; technology acceptance model; self-efficacy theory 1. Introduction Blended learning (BL) is one of the emerging trends in education. According to Oxford Dictionary, BL can be defined as a style of education in which students learn via electronic and online media, as well as traditional face-to-face teaching. However, it is challenging to accurately define BL (or hybrid learning) due to dynamic combinations of online and face-to- face components. One scholar points out that “blended learning is a thoughtful combination of face-to-face learning experience in class and online learning experience” [ 1 ]. Web- based technologies, such as free or charging online courses, MOOCs, electronic textbooks, websites, and social media apps, are often adopted in blended learning. The mix of online and face-to-face components depends on the teaching objectives, curriculum, teachers’ teaching experience, students’ learning styles, etc. The key to blended teaching design is to cultivate students’ learning ability, with students as the main body and “learning as the center,” so that students can adapt to and develop the habit of active learning under the environment of deep integration of information technology and traditional teaching. Therefore, it is crucial to determine learners’ attitudes toward BL to help them build a firm belief in the adoption and continued usage of BL. There is consensus among most universities that BL can be a source of sustainable education [ 2 ]. Currently, the world is encountering challenges in the protection of world Sustainability 2022, 14, 16428. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416428 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Sustainability 2022, 14, 16428 2 of 14 sustainability. One of the key responsibilities of higher education is to develop sustainability literacy, i.e., the knowledge and skills that enable them to build a sustainable future for so- ciety, among students. Therefore, it is crucial for educational institutions to understand the students’ perceptions, attitudes, and continuous use intention related to blended learning. Sustainability literacy (SL) has become a popular issue in education [ 3 – 5 ]. Critical thinking, self-study, and cooperative learning are needed to build one’s SL. BL has been advocated in higher education as an effective way to raise students’ awareness of environ- mental challenges and help them form the courage, confidence, and qualities to deal with environmental issues [ 4 , 5 ]. Accelerated environmental deterioration calls for environmental professionals who have mastered skills related to problem-solving, critical thinking, cre- ative thinking, self-control, communication, and teamwork to solve environmental issues. Higher education shoulders the responsibility to help develop students’ life-long SL [ 6 – 8 ]. BL, which allows students to pursue their studies in a flexible, exploratory, collaborative way, is thought to be able to enhance learners’ SL. As an innovative invention in education, online learning is drawing more and more attention due to its potential for self-enrichment. However, since learning is about commu- nication and cooperation, traditional face-to-face instruction is regarded by most learners as indispensable. In addition, some technical problems regarding online communication are difficult to solve [ 9 ]. Researchers have found that learners still want offline learning to help them to improve and consolidate the knowledge acquired online [ 10 ]. Through online learning, students become familiar with course content in advance, discuss related topics in a virtual community with peers or teachers, complete assignments, review course materials, etc. When they meet face-to-face in the classroom, they are more confident that they are able to achieve the planned learning outcomes. Yet, no two BL modes are identical in design, due to variations in the characteristics of the courses and learners, as well as the goal of the learning. In such cases, only the learners can provide meaningful input to evaluate the effectiveness of the BL mode. BL can be an effective way to solve the problem of large class size and increase learning outside the traditional face-to-face learning environment [ 11 – 13 ]. If properly adopted, BL can transform higher education into a more flexible and agile state, which allows for quick adaptation to the changes in the learning environment and eventually, improves its cost- effectiveness [ 14 ]. What is certain is that well-designed BL has the potential to achieve the best learning outcomes. However, BL design is a complex subject involving many factors that determine its effectiveness, and what motivates learners’ continuous use intention remains unclear. The learning experience between traditional face-to-face courses and online learning differs significantly, so a good implementation of BL is bound to encounter challenges, and these must be solved jointly by administrators, educators, and learners. Since the late 1990s, discussions on BL have evolved from the application of technology to the concern of learners’ learning motivations and strategies [ 15 , 16 ]. The implementation of BL involves three parties—administrators, teachers, and students. Administrators need to provide reliable and accessible technology infrastructure for a smooth learning process, whereas educators take the responsibility of designing the blended course based on course features and learner backgrounds. Learners are the actual executors of BL. Their acceptance determines, to large extent, the achievement of expected learning outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting learners’ intentions to adopt the BL mode. Currently, there are limited studies focusing on the factors influencing the acceptance of BL from the learners’ perspective [ 17 ]. Most of the studies focus on the administrators’ perspective or the educational management issues of BL [ 18 , 19 ]. As BL involves self-regulated learning, learners’ self-efficacy beliefs are an indispens- able attribute in the BL system. So far, the literature concerning this issue has not received enough attention, and some scholars merely focus on relative factors, such as the function of collaborative learning, social presence, and self-regulating without combining them into a holistic system [ 20 – 22 ]. To identify the constructs that determine the continuous intention to adopt BL, the technology acceptance model (TAM) is adopted in this study Sustainability 2022, 14, 16428 3 of 14 because of its simplicity, strong explanatory power, and ease of operationalization. Due to the learner-centered nature of BL, learners’ self-efficacy determines the influence of their motivation, confidence, and satisfaction. To reveal learners’ acceptance of BL, the level of learners’ self-efficacy should be included. Download 0.86 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling