Learners’ Continuous Use Intention of Blended Learning: tam-set model
Table 3. Construct reliability and convergent validity. Factors
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- Table 4. Discriminant validity. CQ RT PEOU SE AT BI PU
- Table 6. Results summary. Estimate S.E. C.R. p
Table 3.
Construct reliability and convergent validity. Factors Items Standardized Loading Cronbach’s Alpha CR AVE CQ CQ1 0.753 0.861 0.863 0.558 CQ2 0.716 CQ3 0.826 CQ4 0.701 CQ5 0.749 RT RT1 0.739 0.794 0.799 0.571 RT2 0.793 RT3 0.735 PU PU1 0.761 0.766 0.766 0.522 PU2 0.703 PU3 0.707 PEOU PEOU1 0.870 0.886 0.887 0.662 PEOU2 0.772 PEOU3 0.772 PEOU4 0.841 SE SE1 0.758 0.894 0.901 0.651 SE2 0.761 SE3 0.893 SE4 0.893 SE5 0.706 SA AT1 0.700 0.768 0.773 0.535 AT2 0.782 AT3 0.701 BI BI1 0.900 0.933 0.934 0.825 BI2 0.914 BI3 0.910 Table 4. Discriminant validity. CQ RT PEOU SE AT BI PU CQ 0.747 RT 0.461 0.756 PEOU 0.649 0.428 0.814 SE 0.418 0.477 0.418 0.807 AT 0.456 0.448 0.406 0.436 0.731 BI 0.509 0.511 0.463 0.534 0.490 0.908 PU 0.360 0.419 0.292 0.361 0.399 0.456 0.722 4.2. Model Fit Measurement To assess how well the proposed structural equation model fits the data, measures of goodness-of-fit, such as chi-square testing, the goodness-of-fit index (GFI), root mean square error approximation (RMSEA), the residual root mean quarter residual (RMR), the comparative fit index (CFI), the normed fit index (NFI), and the non-normed fit index (NNFI) are examined [ 45 , 50 ]. Table 5 presents the rules of thumb indicating acceptable model fit and the analysis results. As is shown, all the goodness of fit indices fell within the recommended range, suggesting that the proposed research model provided a good fit to the data. Sustainability 2022, 14, 16428 8 of 14 Table 5. Goodness of fit indices for the measurement model. Type of Measure Acceptable Level of Fit Values Chi-square/degree of freedom <3 2.051 Goodness-of-fit index (GFI) >0.9 0.913 Root mean square residual (RMSEA) <0.10 0.054 Root-mean residual (RMR) <0.05 0.049 Comparative fit index (CFI) >0.9 0.948 Normed fit index (NFI) >0.9 0.913 Non-normed fit index (NNFI) >0.9 0.939 4.3. Hypothesis Testing The above findings confirm that the research measurement instruments used in this study are reliable and can be used for hypothesis testing. The path analysis of the initial model was studied from the aspects of standardized path coefficient, standard error (S.E), and critical ratio (C.R.). The result is shown in Table 6 . Table 6. Results summary. Estimate S.E. C.R. p PEOU <— CQ 0.657 0.07 10.976 0.000 PEOU <— TS 0.153 0.064 2.914 0.004 PU <— CQ 0.306 0.097 3.466 0.000 PU <— TS 0.502 0.084 6.819 0.000 PU <— PEOU − 0.118 0.078 − 1.42 0.156 SA <— PU 0.458 0.058 7.05 0.000 SA <— PEOU 0.358 0.047 6.369 0.000 SE <— PU 0.374 0.044 6.352 0.000 SE <— PEOU 0.346 0.037 6.539 0.000 BI <— PU 0.281 0.093 4.375 0.000 BI <— SA 0.278 0.097 4.69 0.000 BI <— SE 0.32 0.096 6.392 0.000 Most of the path coefficients are significant in the expected direction. The results confirmed that external variables could include CQ and TS. Hypotheses 1 to 4 are supported. However, Hypothesis 5 is not supported. The path coefficient between PU and PEOU was negative and insignificant. This is inconsistent with many studies based on TAM [ 23 , 51 – 57 ]. Hypotheses 6 and 7 were supported, confirming the hypothetical effect of PU and PEOU on SA. Hypotheses 8 and 9 were supported, verifying again the effect of PU on BI, and SA can lead to BI. Both SE and SA were found to positively affect BI. Hypothesis 10, which proposed a positive relationship between PU and SE, was supported as well, as was proved in some previous studies [ 57 – 62 ]. Similarly, Hypothesis 11, which projected a positive relationship between PEOU and SE, was also supported, and this is consistent with the results of previous studies [ 63 ]. Hypothesis 12 was also supported, meaning that a higher level of SE will lead to greater BI, and this opinion has been proven to be true as well [ 62 , 64 ]. The path standardized coefficients of the structural model are depicted in Figure 2 . The results indicate that TAM and SET can well be combined to predict learners’ continuous use intention of BL. Sustainability 2022, 14, 16428 9 of 14 Sustainability 2022, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW 9 of 14 3> Download 0.86 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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