Paradigmatic morphology observes the stylistic potentials of grammar forms, which Leech would describe as deviant.
Historical present: What else do I remember? Let me see. There comes out of the cloud our house... (Dickens).
Stylistic colouring of gender (personification and depersonification).
In modern English special rules concern whole classes of nouns that are traditionally associated with feminine or masculine gender: thus, countries are generally classed as feminine (France sent her representative to the conference.); abstract notions associated with strength and fierceness are personified as masculine while feminine is associated with beauty or gentleness (death, fear, war, anger—he, spring, peace, kindness—she); names of vessels and other vehicles (ship, boat, carriage, coach, car) are treated as feminine.
Person: One never knows what happens next/we never know; you never know.
The plural of majesty: By the grace of Our Lord, We, Charles the Second…
The plural of modesty: Now, we come to the conclusion that…
The plural of humility: Oh, we are proud /Мы, стало быть, деревенские…
Pronouns: How is one to know that?/How should a body know it?
Number: Now, what’s that? Reading books instead of working?
How dare he talk like that to ladies?
This is what the student is supposed to know.
Paradigmatic lexicology subdivides English vocabulary into stylistic layers: neutral, positive (elevated) and negative (degraded.)
Positive/elevated
poetic;
official;
professional.
Bookish and archaic words occupy a peculiar place among the other positive words due to the fact that they can be found in any other group (poetic, official or professional).
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
