Lecture Stylistics as a science. Problems of stylistic research. Plan

Personification - attributing human properties to lifeless objects.
How soon hath Time, the subtle thief of youth,
Stol’n on his wing my three and twentieth year.’ (Milton)
"Then Night, like some great loving mother, gently lays her hand on our fevered head, and turns our little tear-stained face up to hers, and smiles, and, though she does not speak, we know what she would say and lay our hot, flushed cheek against her bosom and the pain is gone." (Three Men in a Boat by Jerome K. Jerome).
Antonomasia defined as a variety of allusion, because in Skrebnev’s view it’s the use of the name of a historical, literary, mythological or biblical personage applied to a person described:
Brutus (traitor), Don Juan (lady’s man.
Allegory (a story, poem, painting, etc. in which the characters and actions represents general truths, good and bad qualities) expresses abstract ideas through concrete pictures.
As for shorter allegorical texts, they are represented by proverbs:
All is not gold that glitters (= Appearances are deceptive); Beauty lies in lover's eyes (= Feeling excites imagination); Every cloud has a silver lining (= A period of distress is sure to have an end); No rose without a thorn (= Everything has its drawbacks).
"After two centuries of crusades the Crescent [= the Moslem religion] defeated the Cross [= Christianity] in all Southwestern Asia." (Daily Worker)
Irony. This well-known term going back to the Greek word eironeia ('mockery concealed') denotes a trope based on direct opposition of the meaning to the sense:
Obviously explicit ironical: That's a pretty kettle of fishl A fine friend you are!
Implicit: on the whole, irony is used with the aim of critical evaluation of the thing spoken about. The general scheme of this variety is: "praise stands for blame". Very seldom do we observe the opposite type: coarse, rude, accusing words used approvingly ("blame stands for praise"); the corresponding term is astheism: ‘Clever bastard'. ‘Tough son-of-a-bitch!’
TANNER: Where is she
ANNE: She is upstairs
TANNER: What! Under Ramsden's sacred roof! Go and do your miserable duty, Ramsden. Hunt her out into the street. Cleanse your threshold from her contamination. Vindicate the purity of your English home. I'll go for a cab (“Man and Superman” by Bernard Shaw)