Lecture Stylistics as a science. Problems of stylistic research. Plan

The ballad stanza:
Now Robin Hood is to Nottingham gone,
With a link a down a day,
And there he met a silly old woman
Was weeping on the way.
The heroic couplet.
The rhyming is aa, bb, cc, etc., the metre, iambic pentameter:
Whan that Aprille with his shoures soote
The droghte of March hath perced to the roote
And bathed euery vein in swich licour
Of which vertu engendered is the floor...( Canterbury Tales G. Chaucer)
The Spenserian stanza (introduced by Edmund Spenser in the six­teenth century).
Nine lines, eight of them iambic pentameter, the ninth iambic hexameter. The rhyme pattern is: a b a b b c b c c.
Whilome in Albion's isle there dwelt a youth,
Who ne in virtue's ways did take delight;
But spent his days in riot most uncouth,
And vex'd with mirth the drowsy ear of Night,
Ah, me! in sooth he was a shameless wight,
Sore given to revel and ungodly glee;
Few earthly things found favour in his sight
Save concubines and carnal companie,
And flaunting wassailers of high and low degree. (Byron)
The ottava rima (from Latin octo, Italian otto, otta 'eight'). A stanza consisting of eight lines, each of them iambic pentameter. The rhyming pattern is very strict: ab ab ab cc. This stanza came to England from Italy in the sixteenth century:
In Seville was he born, a pleasant city,
Famous for oranges and women - he
Who has not seen it will be much to pity,
So says the proverb - and I quite agree;
Of all the Spanish towns is none so pretty Cadiz perhaps - but that you soon may see; -
Don Juan's parents lived beside the river,
A noble stream, and called the Guadalquivir. (Don Juan by Lord Byron)
Четырехстопный ямб мне надоел:
Им пишет всякий. Мальчикам в забаву
Пора б его оставить. Я хотел
Давным-давно приняться за октаву.
А в самом деле, я бы совладел
С тройным созвучием. Пущусь на славу.
Ведь рифмы запросто со мной живут:
Две придут сами, третью приведут. (A.S. Pushkin ‘A Cottage in Kolomna’)
The sonnet (from the Italian sonetto) is a stanza which at the same time is a complete poem in itself.
A sonnet is a verse of fourteen lines (iambic pentameter). The classical pattern is as follows: two quatrains (i.e. four-line stanzas) with only two rhymes in both: abba abba. The two quatrains are followed by two tercets (i.e. three-line stanzas). The rhymes in the tercets are usually cdc ded. It is preferable to alternate female (a) and male (b) rhymes (alternation of male and female is also typical of the tercets).
Shakespeare makes his sonnet of three quatrains (each with rhymes of its own) plus one couplet:
My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun;
Coral is far more red than her lips' red;
If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun;
If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.
I have seen roses damask'd, red and white,
But no such roses see I in her cheeks;
And in some perfume is there more delight
Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks.
I love to hear her speak, — yet well I know
That music hath a far more pleasing sound;
I grant I never saw a goddess go, —
My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground.
And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare
As any she, belied with false compare. (Sonnet 130)