Lesson 18 Theme: Spreadsheets and fomulae. Past simple and past continuous

Walkthrough: Using spreadsheets to add up values.
Let’s calculate the total of fruits sold.
1. Get the example data and create a copy.
2. To start, move to the first row.
3. Each formula in a spreadsheet starts with =

• Enter = and select the first cell you want to add. Notice how the cell reference appears in the formula?

5. now type + and select the second cell you want to add
6. Press Enter or tab .
7. The formula disappears and is replaced by the value.
8. Try changing the number in one of the original cells (apples or plums) you should see the value in total update automatically.
9. You can type each formula individually, but it also possible to cut and paste or drag formulas across a range of cells.
10. Copy the formula you have just written (using ctrl + c ) and paste it into the cell below (using ctrl + v ), you will get the sum of the two numbers on the row below.
11. Alternatively click on the lower right corner of the cell (the blue square), and drag the formula down to the bottom of the column. Watch the ‘total’ column update. Feels like magic!
Walkthrough: Using a spreadsheet to subtract values.
Take a look at the above example - it’s exactly the same, apart from you use a - instead of a +. Easy! Find the difference between the two columns in the example above.

APPENDIX 4: Listening

Listen to a trainer explaining a formula in this spreadsheet. Match these words to A—F in the spreadsheet. What does the formula do?
1. cell----- 2. column------ 3---- formula 4 row----- 5 value 6 worksheet —

APPENDIX 6: LANGUAGE PAST CONTINUOUS AND PAST SIMPLE

When we use these two tenses together, it shows us that the past simple action happened in the middle of the past continuous action, while it was in progress.
While I was studying, I suddenly felt sleepy.
We often use these tenses to show an action interrupting another action.
I broke my leg when I was skiing.
As I was going to work, I saw an old friend.
We were watching television when the power went off.
Can you see a difference in the meaning of these two sentences?
When the guests arrived, Jane was cooking dinner.
When the guests arrived, Jane cooked dinner.
In the first one, Jane started cooking dinner before the guests arrived. We know that because it uses the past continuous. In the second sentence, the guests arrived first and then Jane started cooking.