Lesson History of mathematics

 

Vocabulary: 

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Science  

Ilm fan 

Famous 

Mashhur 

Significant  

Muhim, 

ahamiyatli 

Prototype  

Timsol 

Earth 

Yer 

Contibution 

Hissa, ulush 

Ground 

Yer  

Mature 

Pishgan 

Circumstance  

Vaziyat 

Maximize  

Maksimallashtirmoq 

 

 

 

 

Lesson 17. Geometry in architecture. 

(Arxitekturada geometriya) 

Geometry, the word brings images of lines, points, circles, squares, and 

other shapes and forms to one’s mind. Geometry has an impact on our day-to-day 

life. Everything around us is a measurement, either defined or perceived, with a 

visual impression. In the same way, architecture is a domain that majorly deals 

with geometry and visuals. It plays a vital role in design as well as construction. 

Euclidean geometry was the only one used for over two thousand years. Now, 

there are many different aspects developed with time—projective geometry, 

perspective, Cartesian geometry, trigonometry, fractal geometry, differential 

geometry, typology, etc. are some of them. 

Galileo Galilei says,” The book of nature is written in the language of 

mathematics.” Le Corbusier’s design philosophy has revolved around harmony and 

proportion. His utter faith prevailsin the mathematical order of the universe and 

nature, connected to the Fibonacci Series and the golden ratio which he described 

as “rhythms apparent to the eye and clear in their relations with one another.” 

These rhythmic patterns are inevitably seen in human activities. Hence, he 

developed an anthropometric system of Modulor, which goes by the principles of 

the golden ratio and divine proportion. 

Below are the most notable buildings starring the influence of geometry in 

architecture. 

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Taj Mahal, Agra, India

 

Farnsworth House, Plano, Illinois

Geometry lies at the core of the architectural design process. It is 

omnipresent, from the initial form-finding stages to the actual construction. 

Modern constructive geometry provides a variety of tools for the efficient design, 

analysis, and manufacture of complex shapes. This results in new challenges for 

architecture. However, the architectural application also poses new problems to 

geometry. Architectural geometry is therefore an entire research area, currently 

emerging at the border between applied geometry and architecture. This book has 

been written as a textbook for students of architecture or industrial design. It 

comprises material at all levels, from the basics of geometric modeling to the 

cutting edge of research. During the architectural journey through geometry, topics 

typically reserved for a mathematically well-trained audience are addressed in an 

easily understandable way. These include central concepts on freeform curves and 

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surfaces, differential geometry, kinematic geometry, mesh processing, digital 

reconstruction, and optimization of shapes. This book is also intended as a 

geometry consultant for architects, construction engineers, and industrial designers 

and as a source of inspiration for scientists interested in applications of geometry 

processing in architecture and art. 

 

 

 

Work on the text 

Text 

“Maria Curie “ 

Maria Curie was born in Wersaw on the 7 th of November 1867. Her father was a teacher 

of scince mathematics at  school.Maria wanted to the Sorbonne in Paris and after many years of 

waiting she finally left her native land for Paris in 1891.She determined to work for two master’s 

degree  in  physics,  the  other  in  mathematics.  So  she  had  to  work  twice  as  hard  as  any  other 

student,but the condition of her life was very difficult.So during her life in Paris she met Pierre 

Curie,that he was born in 1859 in Paris.He was the son of a doctor and from his childhood he 

was interested in science. When he was 16 he was a bachelor of science and had took his Master’s 

degree in physics when he was 18.When he met Maria Skladovskaya he was 35 years old and 

was  already  famous  in  Europe  for  his  discoveries  in  “Magnetism”.Pierre  Curie  and  Maria 

Skladovskaya fell in love each other and they had merried. By this time Maria Curie had got her 

Master’s degree in physics and mathematics,and she was busy with research works.She wanted 

to  get  Doctor’s  degree.Madam  Curie  and  her  husband  worked  together  they  had  discussed 

different problems of science so they had achived great succeses. They had contributed greatly 

to  the  development  of  physics.Maria  curie  Skladovskaya  died  in  1934.  She  was  the  leading 

woman  scintist  ,and  the  greatest  woman  scientist  of  her  time  and  was  the  first  person  who 

received the Nobel prize twice. 

Division of groups 

Students stand in a circle. And count one, two, one two, ..and all students who said “one” 

stand in the first group, all students who said “two” stand in the second group, In such way they 

are divided. 

 

Work on “Pin-board” 

 

In  this  method  two  groups  must  separate  the  cards.  The  first  group  must  find  sentences 

according to the text, the second group must find the cards which are not according to the and all 

groups pin their cards to the board. E.g. 

Cards with such examples: 

There are many great scientists in the world. 

The weather is fine today....... 

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