M. A. I english P. C3 & C6 Modern Linguistics title pmd
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M. A. I English P. C-3 Intr. to Modern Linguistics all
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Synchronic Linguistics :
The Synchromic Linguistics studies language at a given period of time. Synchronic means contemporary. The synchronic linguistics studies how a language works at a given time, regardless of its past history or future blueprint. It can also be called as descriptive linguistics. If a linguist studies present day Marathi used by villagers in the West Maharashtra or IT engineers in Pune city, it will be synchronic study of Marathi at present time. The outcomes and theories of the synchronic studies offer particularly accurate information about a language in its current usage. Some Linguists do not see the two approaches apart. In fact they are complementary to each other. A good synchronic study is valid for diachronic postulations. 39 D I A C H R O N I C SYNCHRONIC Fig. 1 X Y A B Fig. 2 Synchronic is linear and static whereas Diachronic is vertical and moving. Diachronic study is openededed. Synchronic study of language is closed one. It means between two points of period in time. Synchronic Diachronic These two terms were first coined by Ferdinand de Saussure. He established this distinctions in the study of language. The discoveries and theories of the synchronic studies offer particularly accurate information about a language in its current usage. These terms clearly differentiates between descriptions of the language in its contemporary form and descriptions of its historical development. According to Saussure, all languages are constantly changing. He gives an example of game of Chess to explain that historical considerations are irrelevant to study a particular temporal states of a language. One can describe the state of the Chess board at some particular time without reference to the past history of game. In the similar way, one can describe successive states of a language independently of each other. Synchronic study of a language and its descriptions are often thought of as descriptions of the language as it exists at the present day. Such study help to check the validity of our statements by studying the ulterances of living speakers. However, one can make synchronic description of a language as it existed at any point in the past, if a sufficient written record is there. For example, if we study Marathi as existed during the period of 40 Dnyaneshwara, it will be synchronic study. If we study Marathi from its beginning, its historical development through the passage of time, then it will be diachronic study of Marathi. However we cannot have clear cut distinction or watertight compartments between Synchronic and Diachronic study of language. While teaching a second or foreign language, language which is used at the present time should be used. It is necessary to observe the distinction between the synchronic and diachronic aspects of language. Synchronic study of language is complimentary to the diachronic study of language. Summary : Saussure identified these two temporal dimensions of language study in his book Course in General Linguistics (1916). The term diachrony refers to an evolutionary (gradual change) phase of language and the term Synchrony refers to a language state (at certain time, may be in the past or at present time). Download 1.53 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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