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language. If we study how Bengali, Marathi, Hindi have grown out of Sanskrit then it is
diachronic study. It is also called as historical Linguistics. The 19
th
century Linguistics
is historical in nature/character. It was part of the general historical investigations into
origins and development of cultures and communities especially of West Asia, Egypt
and India. It tries to understand relations among different languages e.g. how French
and Italian developed out of Latin and how English, Dutch and German developed out
of the West-Germanic language that the ancestors of the English, the Dutch and the
Germans shared nearly 1500 years ago. They studied the origin of individual words
and tried to formulate the laws that govern processes of linguistic change. From old
English word ‘weg’ modern English word ‘way’ was developed. (In Dutch and in German
it is still weg or Weg) ‘daeg’ becomes ‘day’ (‘dag’ in Dutch, ‘Tag’ in German) etc. In
comparing new and old forms of a language and using related languages to support
their findings historical linguists were able to discover
the rules that govern such
transformations as from ‘g’ to ‘y’ and to construct how the various European languages
had developed over historical time. Language families were discovered and genetic
closeness were identified.
In short, this branch of linguistics studies phonological, grammatical and sematic
changes occured through time. Written records clearly show that 15
th
century. English
is quite different from the 21
st
century English.
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