Group 304 Kazakbaeva Zulxumar Methods and approaches. - Generally speaking , the two terms are often used interchangeably . But in English language teaching context , they are identified as two different terminologies .
- • In real practice , approach is of the theory of learning language including learning process .
- Method usually refers to a way , or a technique , or process of doing things .
- Method of learning emphasizes the teaching process while approach focuses on both the teaching and the learning process .
Teaching Methods & Approaches - It used to be & still is the most teaching method . Features : Abstract rules about grammar . Focus on translation . Memorization / rote - Over use of L1 Dominance of the written form . Tests or to practice grammatical items
Grammar - Translation method - Advantages : Large class can be taught Teachers with low level of oral . This approach can be used at . Learners can use coursebook on their own
- Disadvantages : Content of materials often boring and to learners Inappropriate for young learners who can not read much . Exposure to authentic spoken language absent
Direct Method - it appeared as a reaction to the grammar translation method in the early years of 20th century . Never List Always list NEVER translate ALWAYS demonstrate NEVER explain ALWAYS act NEVER makea speech ALWAYS ask questions NEVER imitate mistake ALWAYS correct ALWAYS use your lesson plan NEVER use the book NEVER go too fast NEVER speak too slowly NEVER speak too loudly ALWAYS keep to the learners ALWAYS speak normally ALWAYS speak naturally
- Meaning conveyed through " see - hear - say "
- Teacher replaces book as
- the Accuracy in speaking & writing
- Speech dominates over writing
- Immersion in the target language
- Teaching through target language .
- Grammar learnt inductively from Use of visual aids
Direct Method - Advantages : It gives the opportunity to speak contexts . It encourages spontaneous speech Lessons can be very lively in the early stages
- Disadvantages : Small groups are normally required Difficult to provide enough variety of content & activity after a while . Teachers must be fluent speakers of the language.
Audio - Lingual Method Based on the psychological theory Behaviorism ( Stimulus - Response inforcement ) Features : - Language is structured into patterns to be learnt.
- Habit formation central stimulus response - re - inforcement .
- Use of target language in classroom . No L1 to avoid interference .
- Need to memorise ( " over - learn " )
- Primacy of speech over writing ( hear - say - see - write )
- Grammar taught when language familiar
- Errors to be avoided to counter " wrong " habits
Audio - Lingual Method 2 - Advantages : . Medium - sized classes can be used Much practice of listening & speaking . Can be used at elementary and intermediate Learners can form grammatically - accurate
- Disadvantages : Fluent & confident teachers needed . Repetition can be very boring and meaningless . Little exposure to spontaneous or authentic speech . Reading writing are neglected & not treated as independent forms
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