Microsoft Word Revised Syllabus Ver doc

UNIT – V
TRANSLATION PRACTICE AND APPLICATIONS
 
Lesson – I Indian Translation in the Past 
a)
Translation in India 
and Tamil Nadu
b)
Types of Translation
c)
Interpretation
d)
Transcreation
e)
Machine Translation
Lesson – II Semantic Relationship Among words 
a)
Referential Meaning
b)
Syntactic Marking
c)
Semiotactic Marking
d)
Semantic Relationship
e)
Hierarchical Relationship
Lesson – III Translation and Culture 
a)
Culture and Language
Lesson – IV Language Attitudes
b)
Major Communication Functions of Language
c)
Translation and Language Attitudes
d)
Language Genius
e)
Translation and Syntactic Patterns
Lesson – V Place of Style in Translation 
a)
Conceptual Correspondence
b)
Dynamic Equivalents
c)
Hearing the Translation
d)
Satisfying the Readers
e)
Importance of Style In Translation
f)
Application of Translation in Tirukkural and The Odyssey 

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133 
UNIT - V 
LESSON - I 
INDIAN TRANSLATION IN THE PAST 
The Practice of Translation
'The practice of translation came into existence several centuries back. From the 
history of literature, it becomes quite clear that Greek and Latin gave importance to 
translation. Homer's 'Odyssey' was first translated from Greek to Latin by Antonigus in 250 
B.C. He was followed by the Latin writers like Cotlas and ' Cicero. With the establishment of 
the Roman Empire many books were translated from Latin to Roman. Due to the 
development of education in Arabia in 8th and 9th centuries Greek works were translated into 
Arabian languages. Baghdad the Arabian Capital, was the center for translation from where 
the works of Aristotle, Plato and Hippocrates were translated. 12th century laid the 
foundation to translation and Georad of Gramana is considered to be the pioneer in the field 
of translation primarily because of the science works in Greek and Arabian languages that 
were translated into Latin by him.