Microsoft Word Revised Syllabus Ver doc

Types of Translation
Roman Jacobson (1959) has attempted to classify different types of translation 
according to the way as manner in translation has been accomplished. A brief description on 
different types of translation are given below.
Intralingual Translation
The structure of language is a combination of phonemes, morphemes, words, phrases 
and sentences. According to Roman Jacobson's view translating a word within the given 
sentence is intralingual translation. Stories, verses and essays are translated by "rewording". 
A sentence is interchanged by rewording.
For example, in Tamil language the texts in one social or regional dialect may be 
translated into another dialect or a text in the literary variety may be translated into spoken 
variety. These types of translations within a language are termed as intralingual translations.
Interlingual Translation
The process of translating from one language (SL) to another language (TL) is 
interlingual translation. This is what called 'exact translation'. Translations from English to 
Tamil and vice versa belong to this category. All the literary translations are interlingual 
translations.
Transliteration
It cannot be expected that all languages have an equal translation for all sounds. If it is 
the case, then they may be replaced by the same sounds in the target language. For example, 
in Tamil the words akam and puram refer to the Sangam literary concepts of love and valour 
respectively. It may be translated to English, if English has translation equivalents or else the 
same words can be replaced through transliteration. This process is termed as transliteration 
mostly followed in case of borrowed items.
Metrical Translation
Translating a line of a verse along with its metrical form and the rhythm between the 
last syllable of any line and the first syllable of the succeeding one from one language to 
another with no change in the form is normally called the metrical translation. For example, if 
the following lines of Thirukkural
kaRka kacaTara kaRpavai kaRRapin
niRka ataRkut taka.
are translated into English in the same pattern with the equivalent words then it is an instance 
of metrical translation.