Microsoft Word Revised Syllabus Ver doc

Close or Accurate Translation
Translating the content from SL to TL without changing its structure, meaning, style, 
social background, environment and culture is close or accurate translation. In this type of 
translation, the contents of the SL text will be transferred into the TL without any addition, 
deletion or change.
Abridgement
Abridgement is a process in which we take into consideration the contents and 
meaning of the source language and bring them into TL in a brief form; from which, the 
reader can easily understand all the information of the source text. There will be no exact 
impression of SL when it is translated to TL by this method but it will reflect the theme or 
content of the source.
Adaptation
Adaptation was the method followed in translation during the ancient times. Most of 
our ancient literary works are nothing but adaptations of Sanskrit works. Except 
Silappatikaram and Manimegalai most of our ancient literary works are adaptations only. 
Kambaramayanam, for instance is an adaptation of Valmiki's Ramayana produced originally 
in Sanskrit. In this type of translation, the skill of the translators and not that of the SL author 

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is reflected. Taking the theme from the source language, a translator can bring into picture the 
character, situation, place of action, dialogue etc, according to his thoughts in relation to his 
culture. In 1895 a play "Sarasangi" was written by adapting one of the Shakespeare's female 
characters, by translating the verses in relation to the Tamil culture.
Transcreation
If a translation picturises the tradition of TL, then it is termed as transcreation. 
Kavimani Desigavinayakam Pillai, Maraimalai Adigal and Vibulandha were said to be 
experts in this field of translation.
Vibulandha Adigal has also transcreated the following lines of Shakespeare's Julius 
Caesar into Tamil following the tradition of the TL (Tamil).
Cowards die many a time
Valiants never taste death but once
The above lines have been rendered into Tamil as
ancina:rkku cata:maranam
anca:ta nencattu a:tavarkku
oru maranam enrarintum
tuncutarkku ancum
tunimati mu:taraik kanta:l
punnakai puripavan ya:n