Microsoft Word Revised Syllabus Ver doc

UNIT – III CREATIVE LITERATURE AND TRANSLATION 
Lesson –I Facets of Literary Translation: Importance and difficulties 
a)
Introduction 
b)
Hurdles of Translation 
c)
Translation and transcreation 
d)
Poetic creation at word level 
Lesson – II Twentieth century Theoretical Studies with reference to poetics 
a)
Poetics and its place in twentieth century theoretical studies 
b)
Poetry as an Artistic expression 
c)
Structural Poetics 
d)
Rhetoric and Stylistics 
Lesson – III Role of the translator in poetic translation 
a)
Translation as synthesis 
b)
Translation as creative process 
c)
The translator as omniscient reader 
d)
The translator as acting writer 
Lesson – IV Translation of Literature 
a)
Specific Problems of Literary Translation 
b)
Poetry and Translation 
c)
Translation of Prose 
d)
Translating Dramatic Texts 
Lesson - V Major concerns about Translation of Indian Literature 
a)
English and Indian Literary scene 
b)
Indo – English Literature 
c)
Peculiarities of Indian translation 
d)
Selection and Materials 
 
 

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69 
UNIT - III 
LESSON - I 
FACETS OF LITERARY TRANSLATION :
IMPORTANCE AND DIFFICULTIES 
Translation is as necessary as our very breathing to understand global relations in 
terms of Arts, Science and Commerce. Since learning more languages or writing proficiently 
in an alien tongue is hardly possible, the work of translation for the rise, promotion and 
development of literature, art, business, technology, medicine etc, is inevitable. It rightly 
promotes experiments and discoveries. It enables inter-linguistic communication in a country 
like India where multi-linguistic culture exists. Translation recreates and intensifies the 
channel of life and diversifies human activities. 
Translation can be done in several ways. Firstly a distinction should be drawn 
between the oral translation and the written translation. The former is called interpretation in 
which one, who knows the languages of both the speakers and hearers, interprets the 
speaker’s speech in the language of the hearers. During this he/she may commit some 
mistakes but such errors are overlooked unless there is a problem of intelligibility. Oral 
translation is used specially during public speeches, orations and discourse. In written 
translation, however, there will be no flexibility or excuses for errors. Here everything should 
be done quite systematically. The translated text should look like the original of course in a 
different mettle. 
Another classification of translation is machine and manual translation. Here machine 
translation is nothing but computer translation. In this process, the translatable text will be 
coded and decoded with sign, and rendering will be literal, however, but so far machines have 
not yet succeeded in rendering human sensibility. So the real work of translation is still to be 
one by man himself. 
More familiar modes of translation are literal translation or metaphrasing, free 
translation or paraphrasing, adaptation and real translation.