Microsoft Word Revised Syllabus Ver doc
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Translation Studies
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- Semiotactic Marking
Syntactic Marking
In most cases, the meaning conveyed by the words is understood on the basis of how they are used in a sentence. A comparison of the following pairs of sentences will make this point clear. A B 1. He picked up a stone 1. They will stone 2. He saw a cloud 2. The quarrel will cloud the issue 3. She has a beautiful face 3. He will face the audience 4. He fell in the water 4. Please water the garden The referential meaning of the words stone, cloud, face and water used in these sentence changes because they are used in different syntactic functions. These words while occurring in the sentences in the first column function as nouns and while they occur in sentences in the second column, on the contrary, function as verbs. Yet other types of constructions, even though the words are arranged in the same grammatical relation, they are understood to give different meanings. Let us consider the following sentences. 1. atu nari 'It is a fox' 2. avan nari ‘He is a fox' In both of these constructions, though the word nari has used a noun, in the first sentence the word nari is used to refer to the animal fox and in the second sentence the word is used to refer to the males who have the qualities of a fox. These examples show how the meaning is expressed by the syntactic making of the words. Semiotactic Marking The easy and correct understanding of the meanings conveyed by the words is facilitated by a study of semiotactic marking by the words in addition to the study of syntactic markings. Here, we are not concerned about the grammatical structure of the words but about the meanings of the words. A study of the semiotactic marking is more complicated than that of the syntactic marking because it is the former there are a number of semiotactic classes. These semiotactic classes, mostly, are often small in size, the reason for the classification being arbitrary and overlapping. Moreover, these classes do not have any specific markers. In fact, both the semantic and semiotactic markings help a reader to understand the meanings of words. Yet, they are separate entities. The syntactic and semiotactic marking of words become clear in the following illustrations. 1. He cut his hand 2. He cut off a hand of bananas 3. Hand me the book In the above three sentences, the third one is different from the other two in the sense that the word hand is used as an adverb. In the first two sentences it is used as a noun. In the first sentence the word hand is used to refer to human body part and in the second sentence to the bunch of the banana. 141 Let us see the following sentences to see how the semiotatic markings of words help in getting the meanings. I. The horse runs II. The water runs The man runs The nose runs The dog runs The tap runs III. The motor runs IV. The wire runs over the door The business runs The line runs abruptly upon this graph In the above sentences, the word run is used in four different meanings. The meanings attributed to it depend upon the nature of the subject with which it is used. In the first group of sentences, the subjects are animate things. The meanings given by these sentences are usually called as literal meaning. Moreover, this is the central meaning of the word run. In the second group of sentences, the subjects are those things that have mass or a related thing. In the third group of sentences, the words that are related to each other and having complicated classification types function as subjects. In the fourth type of sentences, the things that grow naturally or artificially function as subjects. This type of occurrence will not be uniform and universal to all the words in all the languages. These things vary according to language. In French language, for instance, we cannot say the motor is running; but can only say the motor walks. In Tamil we cannot say the nose runs but the nose leaks, In this manner there is difference in the collocation pattern. A collocation pattern which is natural in one language may be unnatural in some other languages. Download 1.1 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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