Microsoft Word Revised Syllabus Ver doc

LESSON –V 
LINGUISTICS OF TRANSLATION 
Translation without the medium of language is within table. Therefore, of all the arts, 
literature alone is faced with the problem of translation for it uses different languages as its 
medium of expression. The writer, his reader and work belong to one language and the 
translator, his reader and translation belong to another language (of course, the translator 
knows both the languages). What happens in translation is that the SL text gets substituted 
and the result is that the TL text is born. In other words, translation is a journey from one 
language to another. Since language is a code or system of sings, the translator decodes the 
SL text and recodes it in the TL text. Thus, in translation, decoding and recoding, 
destructuring and re-structuring take place.
Range and acceptability of collocations 
Where there is an accepted collection in the source language, the translator must find 
and use its equivalent in the target language, if it exists. A collocation consists basically of 
two or three lexical (sometimes called full, descriptive, substantial) words, usually linked by 
grammatical (empty, functional, relational) words e.g. 'a mental illness'. The collocates within 
a collocation define and delimit each other by eliminating at least some of their other it is 
closer for one collocate than for the other. Thus 'to pay attention' is a collocation, since it 
reduces the number of senses in which 'pay' can be used to one. The word 'attention' is not so 
radically affected, but it excludes 'attention' in the sense of 'care, solicitude'. 'To buy a hat' is 
not a collocation since it does not appreciably delimit the sense of ‘buy' or 'hat'. However, 
collocation shade off into other grammatically linked word-groups without a sharp division.
A collocation is the element of system in the lexis of a language. It may be systematic 
or horizontal, therefore consisting of a common structure; or paradigmatic or vertical, 
consisting of words belonging to the same semantic field which may substitute for each other 
or be semantic opposites. These become collocations only when they are arranged 
systematically.