Microsoft Word Revised Syllabus Ver doc


Register or socially conditioned language


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Bog'liq
Translation Studies

Register or socially conditioned language
'The SLT author uses self-expressive language deliberately when he expresses his 
own views, and unconsciously, either through psycholinguistic marker or through 'register' 
which has become an imprecise blanket term to cover all the socially conditioned features of 
language. Sociolinguists such as Gumperz (1975) and Goffman (1975) have noted that in 
certain roles and/or situations, people speak (or phone or write-notes or texts or letters or 
diaries), as employers, engineers, dustmen, strangers, Marxists, etc. and will have a specific 
verbal repertoire may often be a marginal and even insignificant part of their discourse. The 
main social determinants of speech or writing behaviour are, according to Goffman, age, sex, 
class occupation, caste, religion, country of origin, generation, region, schooling, cultural 
cognitive assumptions, bilingualism, etc. They are also influenced by the mode and the 
occasion, both equally socially conditioned, of the speech or writing event. Their main 
interest to a translator is that they provide him with a certain lexical field, which a best he 
should assimiiate by appropriate reading in the SL and TL (particularly TL) and some 
characteristics word 'deformations' (noted particularly in French medical literature), as well 
as syntactic marker (e.g. passive and noun phrases pre modified by two or three nouns in 
electronics literature) running through the texts. If the 'register' is extremely remote from 
standard educated language, the translator may have to abandon endeavour to maintain 
functional equivalence and produce an information translation, a kind of reported speech. The 
socially conditioned nature of language is particularly important in dramatic literature and in 
advertising.
Languages and reference
All non-literary passage, most sentences, are partly languages, partly external reality; 
partly sense, partly reference; partly pragmatics, partly semantics (following Peirce and 
Morris); partly stylistics, partly cognition. A linguistically difficult sentence may be defined 
as a sentence where one-to-one translation is impossible and the unit of translation is likely to 
be at least sentence to sentence. Assuming the informative dominates the expressive and the 
vocative function, and he is confident that he understands the reference perfectly, he 
translator can 'go to town' on the sentence: he usually jettisons the SL syntax and clarifies the 
lexis, frequently strengthening and simplifying its oppositional or dialectical elements: Once 
this structure is perceived, the translations of the sentence presents no problems. 
On the other hand, in a referentially difficult or ambiguous passage, the translator, 
particularly if he has no access to the author of the SL text, must play for safety, erring on the 
side of word for word literalness if he must, and retaining any ambiguity, which, however, he 
must point out in a footnote. Since he cannot guide the TL reader, he can only transfer the 
facts on the SL texts as neatly and wholly as possible.


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