Optimization Variables
For this model, the optimization variables may be divided into two
groups: (i) operation variables and (ii) model variables. The opera-
tion variables are related to the conditions of equipment operation
while model variables are related to the properties of the internal
and external flows [14]. From the optimization variables, those that
might have an independent influence on the objective function are
chosen as decision variables.
Decision Variables of the Atmospheric Distillation. Operation
variables
: flow, temperature, and pressure of the feed steam to the
main column (Steam); flow, temperature, and pressure of the feed
steam to side column 1 (Steam-1); flow, temperature, and pressure
of the feed steam to side column 2 (Steam-2); flow, temperature,
and pressure of the feed steam to side column 3 (Steam-3); rate of
reflux.
Model variables
: flow of vapor from the condenser.
Decision Variables of the Vacuum Distillation. Because the oper-
ation conditions of the vacuum distillation column do not affect the
objective function, no decision variables of this column are taken
into consideration for the optimization.
Decision Variables of the Stabilization. Operation variables:
none.
Model variables
: distillate temperature.
IMPLEMENTATION
The case described (see the Description of the Case Section) has
been constructed using the commercial software PRO/II 8.0
®
. This
software allows the selection of one of several thermodynamic
models and algorithms of solution: for this case the Peng–Robinson
equation of state and the Inside-Out algorithm [15,16] have been
chosen. In a similar way, the software is equipped with an optimiza-
tion tool that uses the Sequential Quadratic Programming method
(SQP) [17].
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