CRUDE DISTILLATION UNIT
5
Table 4 TBP Distillation Curve of the Crude
Cut points (
◦
F)
Weight (%)
97
2.68
200
7.20
300
15.00
350
20.00
400
24.50
450
29.60
500
33.31
550
39.66
600
44.70
650
49.60
700
54.67
750
59.14
850
66.25
950
75.22
1,000
78.49
1,100
84.46
1,382
95.81
See Kaes [6].
Case Construction
The case is constructed after the example proposed by Kaes [6].
Crude Model. Light crude of 33.6
◦
API is used as feed for the
crude unit. The crude is described by the TBP distillation curve
shown in Table 4.
The crude has been modeled as a mixture of 11 components
and 38 pseudo-components. Pseudo-components have boiling
points within a range of 138–1,449
◦
F, approximately a pseudo-
component every 25
◦
F. The atmospheric distillation column is fed
with 85,000 bbl/day at a temperature of 650
◦
F and a pressure of
50 psig.
Simulation of the Distillation Columns. In the distillation column
simulation, in addition to the design specifications, operation and
product specifications also must be taken into consideration. In
order to satisfy each of these conditions, many process simulators
require the assignment of a variable that has direct influence over
each specification and that allows the attainment of the desired
values when manipulated.
Simulation of the atmospheric distillation column
: Due to the
complexity of this column and the importance of the initial values
in the process of convergence necessary to find a solution, the
simulation of the model has been carried out in six steps, solving
the column in each one of them and basing the initial estimates of
each step on the results of the previous one. The specifications of
the products are added as the streams are included. Table 5 shows
the main characteristics of the atmospheric distillation column.
Simulation of the vacuum distillation column
: Once the atmo-
spheric distillation column is solved, its residue (Topped) can be
used to feed the vacuum distillation column. This column is built
in four steps. Table 6 shows the main characteristics of the vacuum
distillation column.
Simulation of the stabilization column
: For the simulation
of this column, only one step is necessary since it has neither
side products nor recirculation streams. Table 7 shows the main
characteristics of the stabilization column.
Figure 4 shows the complete process flow diagram as depicted
by PRO/II
®
.
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