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IGCSE Business Studies
Revision Presentations 2004
Jamoliddinov Biloliddin
Motivation - What is it?
- Motivation is will to work
- Comes from enjoyment of work itself and/or from desire to achieve certain goals e.g. earn more money or achieve promotion
- Methods available to motivate employees
- Financial methods (e.g. salary, bonus)
- Non-financial methods (passing on responsibility or praise)
- Better productivity (amount produced per employee)
- Better quality
- Lower levels of absenteeism
- Lower levels of staff turnover (number of employees leaving business)
- Lower training and recruitment costs
Four Main Motivational Theorists - Taylor
- Mayo
- Maslow
- Herzberg
Taylor’s Theory of Motivation - Managers should maintain close control and supervision over their employees.
- Autocratic style of management- managers make all decisions themselves
- Theory X approach to workers- believe workers are lazy and are only motivated by money
- Motivate by pay via piece-rate.
Mayo’s Theory of Motivation - Workers are not just motivated by money but by having their human/social needs met
- Concluded that increase motivation by:
- Better communication between managers and workers
- Greater manager involvement in employees working lives
- Working in groups
- In practice therefore businesses should introduce team working and personnel departments to look after employees interests
Maslow’s Theory of Motivation - Maslow put forward a theory that there are five levels of human needs which employees need to have fulfilled at work.
- Only once a lower level of need has been fully met, would a worker be motivated by the opportunity of having the next need up in the hierarchy satisfied.
- A business should therefore offer different incentives to workers in order to help them fulfill each need in turn and progress up the hierarchy
Herzberg’s Theory of Motivation - Believed in two-factor theory
- Motivators
- Factors that directly motivate employees to work harder
- Giving responsibility, recognition for good work, sense of achievement, opportunities for promotion
- Hygiene factors
- Factors that can de-motivate if not present but do not actually motivate employees to work harder
- Pay, working conditions, job security
- Motivate by using motivators plus ensuring hygiene factors are met
- Use job enrichment and empowerment (delegating more power to employees to make their own decisions).
Democratic Management Style Reasons Why People Go To Work - To earn money
- To feel a sense of achievement or job satisfaction
- To feel a sense of belonging to a group
- To achieve a sense of security
- To obtain a feeling of self-worth
Gross and Net Pay - Gross pay:
- Pay each month or week before any deductions have been removed
- E.g. before income tax, national insurance contributions
- Net pay:
- Pay after deductions have been taken off
- Sometimes known as take-home pay
Thank you attention
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