O zbek iston respublikasi oliy va 0 ‘rta maxs*js ta’lim vazirligi
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14-PSIXOLOGIY-E-.G-Goziyev-2011-Darslik
Tekshirish uchun savolfar
1. Xotiraga ta ’rif bera olasizmi? 2. Borliqni bilishda xotiraning o ‘mi qanday ekan? 3. Xotira qanday jarayonlardan tuzilgan? 4. Xotiraning turlari yuzasidan nimalar deya olasiz? 5. Xotiraning individual farqlarini aytib bering. 6. Inson xotirasini o'rganish mum kinmi? X V b o b T A F A K K U R T a fa k k u r p six o lo g iy a sin in g p red m eti H ozirgi d a v r d a , tafa kkur p s ixologiya si p re d m e ti n i m a va u n i m a d a n balls etadi, d e g a n savol k o 'p c h il i k n i q iz iq - tirm o q d a . M a ’lu m k i, psixologiya fa n i ta f a k k u r n i o ‘rg a n a d i- gan y a g o n a fa n e m a s , chunki u n i n g a y r i m jih atla rin i logika, filosofiya, h a t t o k ib e rn e tik a t a d q i q q i l m o q d a . S h u b ois ta f a k k u r p sixologiya si p r e d m e tin i a n i q l a s h j u d a m u h i m m a s a la la rd a n biri b o ‘lib q o l m o q d a . U m u m i y psixologiya d a r slik la r id a t a fa k k u rg a berilgan t a ’rif tu rlic h a b o l i b , b u n d a u n i n g i k k ita yoki u c h t a m u h i m xu su siy ati t a ’k i d l a b o ‘tiladi. J u m l a d a n , P . I . I v a n o v n i n g dars!igida „ t a f a k k u r inson n in g s h u n d a y a q liy faoliyatidirki, bu faoliyat v o q elik n i eng aniq, t o ‘g ‘ri, t o ‘liq, c h u q u r va u m u m iy la s h t ir i b aks ettirishga ( b ilis h g a ), in s o n n in g ta g ‘in h a m o q il o n a a m a l i y faoliyat bilan s h u g ‘u llan ish ig a i m k o n b e r a d ik\ d e b t a 'rifla n a d i. U s h b u t a 'r i f d a ta fa k k u rn in g t o 'l a , a n iq va u m u m la s h ti r i l g a n h o ld a a k s e ttiris h i t a ’k id lan ad i, a m m o u n i n g x a r a k te rli x u s u s i y a t l a r i d a n b a v o s ita , s o ‘z y o rd a m i b ila n ifodalanishi m u a l l if n in g d i q q a t m a rk a z id a n c h e td a qolgan. M . V . G a m e z o o kz fikrini „ t a f a k k u r v o q e lik n in g u m u m - lashgan h o l d a va s o ‘z h a m d a o ‘t m is h ta jrib a vositalarida aks ettiri!is h i" d ir d e y a bayon qiladi. B i z n i n g c h a , tafa k k u rg a berilgan u s h b u t a ’r if unin g p r e d m e t i n i t o kla o c h ib b erish u c h u n yetarli e m a s . S hu bois b o s h q a m a n b a l a r g a m u ro ja a t qilishga t o kg kri keladi. A . V .P e tro v s k iy tahriri o s t i d a c h o p e tilg a n d a r s lik d a t a f a k k u r g a u s h b u s h a k ld a t a ’r i f b e r i l a d i : „ T a f a k k u r — ijtim o iy -sab a b iy , n u tq bilan c h a m b a r c h a s b o g kliq m u h i m b ir yangilik q id irish va o c h i s h d a n i b o r a t psixik ja ra y o n d i r , b o s h q a c h a qiiib aytganda, ta fa k k u r v o q e lik n i analiz va sintez q i l i s h d a u n i b e v o s i t a v a u m u m l a s h t i r i b a k s e t t i r i s h ja r a y o n i d i r “ . B u t a ’r if tafa kkur x ususiyatlarini y u q o rid a - g ila rd a n k o ‘r a b i r m u n c h a k e n g r o q o c h i b b e rish u c h u n xizmat qila o l a d i , b iro q bu t a ’rifni h a m u n c h a li k m u k a m m a l, deb b o i m a y d i . V .V .B o g o slo v sk iy tahriri o s tid a c h i q q a n d a rslikda h a m tafakkurga b e r il g a n t a ’rifda u ning u m u m l a s h g a n va bilvosita aks ettirish x u s u s iy a tla ri yoritilgan, xolos. X u d d i s hunga o ‘xshash t a ’rifla r F .N . G o n o b o l i n , K . K . P la t o n o v darslik- larida h a m u c h r a y d i . B iz n in g c h a , O .K .T ix o m iro v n in g darsligida tafakkurning p r e d m e t i h a q i d a t o l a r o q t a ’rif berilgan. D a rs lik d a tafa k k u r p re dm e tiga k iru v c h i tarkibiy qismlar q u yidagicha ifodalanadi: „ T a f a k k u r — b u o ‘z m a h s u lo ti b il a n v o q e l i k n i u m u m - lashtirib, b a v o s i t a aks ettirishni x a r a k te rla y d ig a n , u m u m - lashtirish darajasi v a foydalanadigan vositalariga h a m d a o ‘sha u m u m l a s h m a l a r y a n g i l i g ig a bogM iq r a v i s h d a t u r l a r g a a j r a t is h d a n i b o r a t j a r a y o n , bilish f a o l i y a t i d i r “ . O . K .T i - x o m iro v m a z k u r t a ’rifda ta fa k k u rn in g ak sa riy at jih atla ri v a x u s u s iy a tl a r i n i yaxshi o c h ib b e r g a n , a m m o ta fa k k u r m u a m m o s i g a y a n g i c h a y o n d a s h is h l a m i n g p a y d o b o l i s h i ta 'rifn i y a n a d a m u k a m m a lla s h tir is h n i t a q o z o q ilm oqda . P s ix o lo g i y a d a hozirgi dav rd a t a f a k k u r n i n g p re d m e ti t o ‘g ‘risida y a n a y a n g i qarash va t a ’riflar yuzaga kelm oqda. U l a r n i n g a y r i m l a r i h a q i d a g ap irib o ‘ta m i z . S .L . R u b i n - shtey n n in g n az ariy asig a k o ‘ra, tafakkurni psixologik jih a td a n o ‘rg a n is h n in g a s o s iy p r e d m e t i — j a r a y o n faoliyat sifatida n a m o y o n b o ‘l i s h d i r . M u a l l i f t a f a k k u r o p e r a t s i y a l a r i , shakllarini ta rk ib to p tirish d a — jara y o n m u a m m o li vaziyatni, faoliyat fikr y u ritis h n i hal qilish sifatida vujudga kelishini c h u q u r t a h l i l q i l i b b e r g a n . S . L . R u b i n s h t e y n t a f a k k u r t o ‘g ‘risidagi g ‘o y a n i rivojlantirib, u n i subyekt faolligining paydo b o l i s h i d i r , d e b aytadi. A . N . L e o n t y e v ta fa k k u r psixologiyasi p r e d m e t i h aq id a m u l o h a z a y u r i t ib , tafa k k u rn i turli k o ‘rinishlarga ajratadi va fik r y u r i t i s h f a o l i y a t i e k a n li g i n i t a n o l a d i , le k in u n i p r e d m e t l i - a m a l i y faoliyat ham deb n o m la y d i. S h u n in g d e k , 262 t a f a k k u r s t r u k t u r a s i h a m d a f i k r y u r i t i s h m o t i v a t s i y a s i t o ' g ‘- r i s i d a n a z a r i y - m e t o d o l o g i k m u a m m o l a r n i o ‘r t a g a t a s h l a y d i . P . Y . G a l p e r i n n i n g f i k r i g a k o ‘ r a , t a f a k k u r b u o r i y e n - t i r o v k a — j a r a y o n , o r i y e n t i r o v k a f a o l i y a t i d i r , d c y d i . M u a l l i f p s i x o l o g i y a f a n i b u i n t e l l e k t u a l m a s a l a l a r n i y e c h i s h d a s u b y e k t n i n g t a f a k k u r g a o r i y e n t i r o v k a q i l i s h j a r a y o n i n i o ' r g a n i s h d i r , d e b t u s h u n t i r a d i . P . Y . G a l p e r i n t a f a k k u r n i n g b o s h q a j i h a t l a r i n i o ' z i n i n g a q l i y h a r a k a t l a r i n i b o s q i c h l i s h a k l l a n t i r i s h n a z a r i y a s i d a n k e l i b c h i q q a n h o l d a y o r i t i s h g a i n t i l a d i . A . V . B r u s h l i n s k i y t a d q i q o t l a r i d a t a f a k k u r — b u m u h i m y a n g i l i k n i q i d i r i s h v a o c h i s h , g i p o t e z a v a n a z a r i y a l a r n i b a s h o r a t q i l i s h , o l d i n d a n p a y q a s h d i r d e y d i . T a ’k i d l a s h j o i z k i , y u q o r i d a g i m u a l l i f l a r d a n f a r q l i o ‘l a r o q , A . V . B r u s h l i n s k i y t a f a k k u r n i n g u m u m l a s h t i r i b , b i l v o s i t a a k s e t t i r i s h ; d a n t a s h q a r i , m u h i m y a n g i l i k n i i z l a s h v a o c h i s h , o l d i n d a n b a s h o r a t q i l i s h x u s u s i y a t l a r i m a v j u d l i g i n i d a l i l l a b k o ' r s a t a d i . „ T a f a k k u r p s i x o l o g i y a s i “ n i n g p r e d m e t i h a q i d a s o b i q I t t i f o q p s i x o l o g l a r i b i l d i r i l g a n f i k r l a r g a y a k u n y a s a b , u m u m i y t a ' r i f b e r i s h n i n g m a v r i d i k e l d i . P s i x o l o g i y a d a t a f a k k u r g a b e r i l g a n q a t o r t u s h u n c h a l a r m a v j u d . J u m l a d a n , j a r a y o n , f i k r y u r i t i s h f a o l i y a t i , b a s h o r a t q i l i s h , a n g l a s h i l g a n b i l i m - l a r , a q l m e z o n i , f a h m l i l i k v a b o s h q a l a r . S h u l a r g a s u y a n g a n h o i d a , t a f a k k u r g a q u y i d a g i s h a r t l i t a ’ r i f n i b e r i s h m u m k i n : t a f a k k u r b u a t r o f - m u h i t d a g i v o q e l i k n i n u t q y o r d a m i b i l a n b a v o s i t a , u m u m l a s h g a n h o l d a a k s e t t i r u v c h i p s i x i k j a r a y o n h a m d a i j t i m o i y s a b a b i y b o g ‘l a n i s h l a r n i a n g l a n g a n , y a n g i l i k o c h i s h g a v a b a s h o r a t q i l i s h g a y o ‘n a l t i r i l g a n a q l i y f a o l i y a t d i r . D e m a k , t a f a k k u r p r e d m e t i n i b e l g i l a s h / n a s h a q q a t i u n i n g m u r a k k a b b i l i s h j a r a y o n i e k a n l i g i n i y a n a b i r k a r r a t a s d i q l a b t u r i b d i . Q u y i d a t a f a k k u r s t r u k t u r a s i n i i l o v a q i l a m i z . Tafakkur o p e ra tsiy a la ri Analiz va sintez operatsiyasi. Download Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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