Part II guidance Notes Pillar I – Laws, Policies, and Institutions
Pillar IV – Environmental Management
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MPF Part II Guidance Notes - For Ratification (1)
Pillar IV – Environmental Management Introduction 19 Pillar IV of the MPF focuses on five fundamental areas that governments need to manage for mining operations: (i) air and noise, (ii) water, (iii) biodiversity, (iv) mine waste, and (v) emergency preparedness and response. The management of the natural resource base within ecosystems – soil, plants, animals, water, and air – is the continuous responsibility of any society seeking to become more sustainable. Mining deposits will always have an impact on ecosystems; therefore, their stewardship and extraction require governments to implement national laws and apply good international practice to avoid, minimize, and remediate negative impacts (direct, indirect, and cumulative), and make improvements when feasible. Good governance of environmental aspects of mining requires technical knowledge and competencies, clear and detailed laws and regulations, strict monitoring, and enforcement mechanisms. Air can be affected by mines through land disturbance, equipment and vehicle emissions, mining and processing, and energy use. Air emissions need to be managed to minimize dust and other contaminants to protect worker health, the surrounding environment, and communities. In addition, mines can be large emitters of greenhouse gases (GHG) and emissions must be minimized through efficiencies (e.g., electrification of equipment, switching to renewable or low-carbon fuel sources) and, potentially, through the use of carbon offsets. Mining can be a water-intensive industry, from mineral processing and slurry transport to dust suppression. Water use and conservation requires particular attention in arid regions or where mining competes with other uses such as irrigation for agriculture or domestic use. At the same time, high rainfall areas can pose challenges for soil and tailings stability due to potential accelerated erosion and contamination of downstream waters and sediments. Local and national biodiversity and ecosystem services can be influenced by mining operations from land-use change and deforestation to pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and the unintended introduction of invasive species. Governments must ensure the application of the mitigation hierarchy (avoid, minimize, restore/rehabilitate, and offset) to protect biodiversity and ecosystem services. Mining operations generate waste (e.g., overburden, waste rock, tailings). The technical complexity of the management of waste materials must be adequate for their volume and composition. Mine waste storage facilities need to be designed and managed to minimize risks such as instability (potential for landslides) or pollution of surface or groundwater from leaching of newly exposed or disturbed material. Lastly, governments must ensure that all potentially affected stakeholders, including companies, communities, and all levels of relevant authorities, understand the potential for emergency situations across the mine life cycle and be prepared to address and respond to them. Emergency preparedness planning and practice is essential within the boundaries of the mining operation as well as wherever supplies for (e.g., acid, explosives) or products from the mine travel (i.e., rail cars, trucks, or barges). Download 0.9 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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