Passive voice – majhul nisbat

a) Jane was presented a car by co-workers – Jeynga mashina hamkasblari tomonidan taqdim etildi.
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b) The car was presented to Jane by co-workers – Mashina Jeynga hamkasblari tomonidan taqdim etildi.
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2. Faqatgina o’zidan keyin to’ldiruvchi talab qiladigan o’timli fe’llar (Transitive verbs) majhul nisbatda qo’llana oladi:
Active: Peter cleans the room passive: The room is cleaned by Peter.
O’zidan so’ng to’ldiruvchi talab qilmaydigan o’timsiz fe’llar (intransitive verbs) majhul nisbatda qo’llana olmaydi:

Intransitive verbs:	Examples:
To go – bormoq To come – kelmoq To arrive – yetib kelmoq To stay – qolmoq To sleep - uxlamoq	I go to school He came home We arrived in Karshi He stayed at a hotel I slept in the room

NOTE: Ba’zi fe’llar bir ma’noda o’timli, boshqa ma’noda esa o’timsiz bo’ladi:
1. To return.
a) “Qaytmoq” ma’nosida o’timsiz: I returned to town – Men shaharga qaytdim.
b) “Qaytarib bermoq” ma’nosida o’timli:
Active: I returned the book to John – Men kitobni Jonga qaytarib berdim.
Passive: The book was returned to John by me – Kitob Jonga men tomonimdan qaytarib berildi.
2. To set.
a) “Botmoq” ma’nosida o’timsiz: The sun set – Quyosh botdi.
b)“Tuzamoq, o’rnatmoq, ochmoq” ma’nosida o’timli:
Active: Sarah set the table – Sara stol bezatdi.
Passive: The table was set by Sarah – Stol Sara tomonidan bezatildi.
2. Agar ish-harakatning bajaruvchisi noma’lum bo’lsa, kim bajarganini bilmasak yoki ish – harakatning bajaruvchisini bilish muhim bo’lmasa, ish – harakatni kim bajarishi tekstda ma’lum bo’lsa majhul nisbatda ish – harakatning bajaruvchisini ko’rsatish shart emas.
1. Mrs. Archer’s ruby ring was stolen from her house last night. – O’tgan kecha Archer xonimning yoqut ko’zli uzugini o’g’irlashibdi. (Kim o’g’irlaganini bilmaymiz)
My car was stolen yesterday. – Kecha mashinamni o’g’irlab ketishdi. (Kim o’g’irlaganini bilmaymiz)
2. Rolls Royce cars are made in England. – Rols Roys mashinalari Angliyada ishlab chiqariladi. (Bu mashinalarni kim ishlab chiqarishini bilishimiz muhim emas)
The road repairs were completed last week. – Yo’ldagi ta’mir ishlari o’tgan hafta nihoyasiga yetdi. (Yo’lni kim ta’mir etishini bilishimiz muhim emas)
3. Cotton is grown in Uzbekistan. – O’zbekistonda paxta yetishtiriladi. (Paxtani fermerlar yoki dehqonlar yetishtirishi ma’lum)
Coffee is mainly grown in South America. – Kofe asosan Janubiy Amerikada yetishtiriladi.
The kidnappers have been arrested. – Bola o’g’rilari qo’lga olindi. (Kim ularni qo’lga olgani ma’lum)
3. Gazeta maqolalari, rasmiy e’lonlar, yozma e’lonlar, harakat bajarilish jarayoni, ko’rsatmalar va reklamalar majhul nisbatda ishlatilganda ish-harakatning bajaruvchisi ko’rsatilishi shart emas.
Two teenagers were seriously injured in a car accident. – Ikki o’spirin mashina halokatida qattiq jarohatlanishdi. (Yangiliklar sharhi)
The local bank was robbed rhis morning. – Bugun ertalab mahalliy bankni tunab ketishibdi. (Yangiliklar sharhi)
Taking pictures is not allowed. – Rasmga tushirish ta’qiqlanadi. (Yozma e’lon)
Smoking is restricted in this area. – Bu hududda chekish mumkin emas. (Yozma e’lon)
Bread is baked in an oven for about 45 minutes. – Non 45 daqiqa davomida duxovkada pishiriladi. (Harakat bajarilish jarayoni)
Long hairs are bought at high prices. – Uzun sochlarni yuqori narxlarda sotib olamiz. (Reklama)