Passive voice – majhul nisbat

What was the explosion caused by? – Portlashga nima sabab bo’ldi?
§. Ingliz tilida majhul nisbatning yasalishi.
Ingliz tilida majhul nisbat “to be” yordamchi fe’li va mustaqil fe’llarning sifatdosh ІІ (Participle II) shakli bilan yasaladi: Be + PІІ (verb₃)
● Majhul nisbatdagi gapni qaysi zamonda tuslamoqchi bo’lsak, “to be” fe’lining o’sha zamon shakli qo’llanadi.

Active voice	Passive voice
The Present Indefinite Tense:
Subject + verb1)	Subject + am / is / are + PІІ (done)
They repair cars	Cars are repaired
The Past Indefinite Tense:
Subject + verb2	Subject + was / were + PІІ (done)
They repaired cars	Cars were repaired
The Future Indefinite Tense:
Subject + shall / will + verb1	Subject + shall / will + be + PІІ (done)
They will repair cars	Cars will be repaired
The Present Continuous Tense:
Subject + am / is / are + PI (doing)	Subject + am / is / are + being + PІІ (done)
They are repairing cars	Cars are being repaired
The Past Continuous Tense:
Subject + was / were + PІ (doing)	Subject + was / were + being + PІІ (done)
They were repairing cars	Cars were being repaired
The Present Perfect Tense:
Subject + have / has + PІІ (done)	Subject + have / has + been + PІІ (done)
They have repaired cars	Cars have been repaired
The Past Perfect Tense:
Subject + had + PІІ (done)	Subject + had + been + PІІ (done)
They had repaired cars	Cars had been repaired
The Future Perfect Tense:
Subject + shall / will + have + PІІ (done)	Subject + shall / will + have + been + PІІ (done)
They will have repaired cars	Cars will have been repaired
To be going to:
Subject+am/is/are+going+to do smth	Subject+am/is/are+going+to be+PII (done)
They are going to repair cars	Cars are going to be repaired

● Modal fe’llarning majhul nisbatda qo’llanishi:
Modal verbs + be + PІІ (done)

Active voice:	Passive voice:
Subject + can + do	Subject + can + be + PІІ (done)
They can repair the car	The car can be repaired
Subject + must + do	Subject + must + be + PІІ (done)
They must repair the car	The car must be repaired
Subject + may / might + do	Subject + may / might + be + PІІ (done)
They may/might repair the car	The car may/might be repaired
Subject + should + do	Subject + should + be + PІІ (done)
They should repair the car	The car should be repaired
Subject + ought + to do	Subject + ought + to be + PІІ (done)
They ought to repair the car	The car ought to be repaired
Subject + need + to do	Subject + need + to be + PІІ (done)
They need to repair the car	The car need to be repaired
Subject + have to + do	Subject + have to + be + PІІ (done)
They have to repair the car	The car has to be repaired
Subject + should + have + PІІ (done)	Subject + should + have + been + PІІ (done)
They should have repaired the car	The car should have been repaired

NOTE: Gaplarni aniq nisbatdan majhul nisbatga aylantirganimizda zamonlar o’zgarib ketmaydi.
1. Ingliz tilida “tug’ilmoq” iborasi har doim majhul nisbat orqali ifodalanadi. Kishilarga nisbatan har doim o’tgan noaniq zamon qo’llanadi:
I was born in 1981. – Men 1981 yilda tug’ilganman.
My father was born in 1949. – Otam 1949 yilda tug’ilgan.
Pushkin was born in 1799. – Pushkin 1799 yilda tug’ilgan.
Lekin: A lot of babies are born every day – Har kuni ko’plab chaqaloqlar tug’iladi.
2. Hodisalar natijasida sodir bo’lgan ish-harakatlar ingliz tilida har doim majhul nisbat orqali ifodalanadi:
My hat was blown in the wind – Shlyapam shamolda uchib ketdi.
The wall was collapsed in the rain – Devor yomg’irda nurab tushdi.
The tree was blown down in the storm – Daraxt dovulda qulab tushdi.
The house was damaged in the fire – Uy yong’inda zararlandi.
3. Ma’lumki, ingliz tilida majhul nisbat “to be” fe’li va fe’llarning sifatdosh ІІ (Participle II) shakli orqali yasaladi. Ammo ingliz tili og’zaki nutqda majhul nisbat yasash uchun “to be” fe’lining o’rniga “to get” fe’lini qo’llashimiz mumkin, va bu holat ko’pincha tasodifiy va kutilmagan ish-harakatlarga nisbatan ishlatiladi:

To be + PІІ	To get + PІІ
I was stung by a bee in the garden. – Bog’da meni ari chaqib oldi.	I got stung by a bee in the garden. – Bog’da meni ari chaqib oldi.
Sarah was bitten by a dog in the street. – Ko’chada Sarani it tishlab oldi	Sarah got bitten by a dog in the street. – Ko’chada Sarani it tishlab oldi
Mary was run over by a car while she was crossing the street. – Ko’chadan o’tayotganda Merini moshina bosib ketdi.	Mary got run over by a car while she was crossing the street. – Ko’chadan o’tayotganda Merini moshina bosib ketdi.

NOTE: “get” bilan qo’llangan ba’zi iboralar majhul nisbatda bo’lmaydi:
Get married – uylanmoq, turmushga chiqmoq, Get divorced – ajrashmoq (er-xotin)
Get dressed – kiyinmoq, Get changed – kiyimlarini o’zgartirmoq
Nick got married yesterday – Nik kecha uylandi.
Sarah got divorced with her husband – Sara eri bilan ajrashdi.
I’m getting dressed – Men kiyinyapman.