Phraseology and Culture in English

min Lee Whorf, John B. Carroll (ed.), 134–159. Massachussetts: 
M.I.T. Press.
Wierzbicka, Anna 
1997 Understanding Cultures through Their Key Words: English, Rus-
sian, Polish, German, Japanese. New York: Oxford University 
Press.
Wray, Alison 
2002 
Formulaic Language and the Lexicon. Cambridge: Cambridge 
University Press. 

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Index
Aboriginal (cf. indigenous), 80, 280, 
375–382, 390, 392, 394, 395 
English, 375, 376, 378–390, 392, 
394, 395, 489 
language, 278, 376, 381, 382 
non-Aboriginal, 376, 380, 382, 
394
pan-Aboriginal 
communication, 
376
abstraction (cf. integration), 394 
accent, 138, 437, 488 
regional, 
437 
semantic, 
138 
social, 
437 
accommodation, 356, 365, 377, 392 
acculturation, 196, 399, 400 
acronym, 97, 276, 299 
act of identity, 353 
ad-adjectival usage, 51, 53, 54, 67, 
69, 71, 476 
ad-verbal usage, 51, 53, 67, 69, 476 
adage, 181, 183, 184 
adjective, 49, 57, 63, 72, 80, 83–85, 
101, 116, 129, 140, 141, 150, 152, 
155, 158, 159, 163, 239, 262, 298, 
382, 383, 394, 441, 443 
evaluative, 114, 115, 129 
adverb, 26, 49, 51, 57, 59, 71, 72, 
150, 155, 158, 159, 262, 265, 388, 
391, 476 
degree, 68, 69 
adverbial, 84, 387, 389 
of manner, 386, 387, 394 
of time, 386, 387 
adverbial use, 144, 151, 155, 156, 
158, 159, 164, 441, 480 
affix, 277, 283, 284, 292 
affixation, 283, 293 
African, 401–403, 406, 420, 490 
American, 
209 
context, 408, 411, 416, 417 
cultural model, 417 
East African English, 441 
English (AE), 400, 401, 410, 414, 
416, 418, 422, 425, 489 
(kinship-based) 
community 
model, 400, 401, 408, 416, 426 
South African English, 369, 489 
sub-Saharan Africa, 400, 401, 
403, 404 
varieties of English 399, 400, 402, 
410, 490 
West African English, 413–415, 
418, 440 
alliteration, 239, 248, 483 
American (incl. US-) 
Anglo-, 121, 124 
culture, 109, 121, 124, 129, 196, 
208, 213 
English (AE), 109–112, 120, 122, 
128, 239, 258, 355, 400, 418, 438, 
439, 441–443, 445, 448, 489 
idiom, 446, 448 
proverb, 191, 205, 208, 209, 211, 
213
US-persuasive text, 116, 118, 121 
US-(sub)corpus, 111, 112, 115–
123, 128, 129 
worldview, 207, 210, 213 
analogy, 55, 142, 181, 184, 190, 220, 
221, 252, 471, 472 
anti-proverb (see proverb)
attributive use, 144, 145, 150, 152, 
157, 170–173, 426, 480 

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498
 Index 
Austin, John L., 7, 30 
Australian Corpus of English (ACE), 
236, 237, 244 
Australian
culture, 82, 85, 88, 91, 92, 237, 
242, 251, 252, 379, 449 
English, 79, 80, 87–90, 95, 100, 
102, 235, 236, 239, 243, 246, 247, 
252, 258, 276, 354, 375, 379, 385, 
386, 389, 394, 395, 438, 441, 448, 
483, 489 
idiom, 240, 242–244, 246–252 
simile, 239–241, 245, 248, 483 
weekend, 79, 88, 89 
Australianism, 449 
Australianness, 93, 448 
automatic speech, 8, 13, 471 
automatization, 8, 11, 333 
Bank of English, 49, 111, 120, 128 
belief, 109, 147, 224, 228, 353, 392, 
399, 400, 408, 423, 481 
bilingualism, 209, 385 
blend, 161, 278, 283, 299, 377, 394, 
401, 415–417 
Blending, 149, 394 
Theory, 
415 
Borrowing, 278, 377 
Briticism, 445–448 
British (incl. UK-) 
English, 109–112, 115, 120, 122, 
128, 239, 252, 258, 381, 400, 418, 
438, 439, 442, 443, 454, 489, 490 
Enlightenment, 60, 61, 66, 71, 
476
simile, 240, 243, 245 
UK-persuasive text, 112, 118, 121 
UK-(sub)corpus, 50, 111, 112, 
114, 115, 117–120, 122, 123, 128, 
129
British National Corpus (BNC), 144, 
151, 156, 259, 303, 305, 306, 312, 
313, 316, 445, 448, 451, 452, 456, 
452, 459, 461 
Britishness, 439, 442–447, 460 
Brown, Penelope, 257, 259, 354 
Cameroon English, 419, 425 
Canadian English, 438, 444, 489 
Canadian raising, 365, 366 
CANCODE corpus, 260–263, 265, 
266
canonical, 9, 28, 237 
catchphrase, 9, 276–278, 283, 285, 
295–299, 485 
environmental, 276, 285, 295 
centralised, 364, 365, 368, 370 
Chomsky, Noam, 9, 76, 471, 487, 488 
classification, 13, 18, 313, 490 
classifier, 382, 385 
classifying, 18, 278, 283, 382, 389, 
413, 438 
clause, 15, 21, 22, 24, 31, 243, 338, 
453
boundary, 21
conditional, 243, 244, 262 
declarative, 
262 
structure, 
31 
syntax, 
24 
verb free, 154 
closing, 323, 326, 327, 329, 332, 
340–346
pre-, 344, 345 
cluster, 127, 128, 138, 257, 259, 261–
267, 422, 425, 426, 438, 478 
modal, 259, 264, 267 
modality, 257, 259, 261, 262, 267, 
268, 480, 484 
clustering, 259, 260, 306 
COBUILD collocations database, 459 
COBUILD corpus, 24, 49–51, 57, 63, 
64, 67, 69, 72 
COBUILD dictionary, 52, 53, 68, 
125, 126 

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Index
499
code-switching, 361, 362, 367, 368 
cognitive 
domain, 141, 147 
linguistic (analysis/research), 143, 
400, 401, 412, 426, 442 
linguistics, 399, 401, 441, 479, 
490
schema 
(see schema, cognitive) 
coinage, 192, 194, 197, 212, 242, 278 
coining, 209, 211, 213, 225, 236, 239, 
277, 279 
colligation, 112, 118, 138, 441, 461, 
463
colligational pattern, 112–114, 118, 
120, 121, 125 
collocate, 21, 27, 110, 122, 127, 128, 
143, 144, 262, 305, 306, 309, 310, 
313–315, 424, 425 
collocation, 20, 25–27, 49–54, 66–74, 
79, 80, 127, 137–140, 143–145, 
162–164, 166, 167, 261, 291, 
293–295, 312, 314, 382– 384, 
390, 393, 412, 413, 418, 425, 
426, 440–444, 446, 447, 450, 456, 
457, 459, 461, 464, 475–479, 489 
grammatical 
(see colligation)
neutral, 443–445, 459 
restricted, 10, 17, 18, 20, 24–27, 
30, 32 
collocational
correlate, 439, 449 
marker 
(see marker, collocational) 
pattern, 303, 310, 313, 316, 318, 
423, 449, 450, 457, 487, 489 
preference, 439, 444, 456, 480, 
489
profile, 437, 439, 442, 446, 450, 
489
restriction, 17, 30 
scale, 
159 
stability, 
309 
variability, 442, 448, 456 
community, 74, 124, 139, 236, 250, 
251, 293, 295, 307, 310, 345, 353, 
356, 359, 363, 364, 366–370, 379, 
400, 402, 403, 405–407, 416, 419, 
439, 450, 489 
Aboriginal, 375, 376, 395 
model 
(see African community 
model) 
speech 
(see speech community) 
competence (cf. performance), 7, 24, 
247, 310, 471, 490 
linguistic, 13, 308, 471, 474 
native-speaker, 
235 
compositional (cf. non-composition-
al), 140, 285, 413, 441, 461 
compound, 283, 285–289, 381, 382, 
387, 393, 413, 414, 486 
adjective + N, 289, 382 
adverb, 381, 387 
nominal, 9, 17 
compounding, 286, 293, 294, 380–
382
concept, 13, 22, 54, 55, 71, 110, 
115, 116, 137, 139–141, 143, 147, 
148, 150, 161, 162, 165, 196, 275, 
278, 293, 298, 299, 303, 306–310, 
316, 318, 319, 377, 401–403, 408, 
417, 419, 423, 479, 484–487, 491 
ancestor, 
425 
cultural, 109, 302, 417 
environmental, 275, 277, 297 
family, 402, 419 
father, 
403 
kinship, 
402 
of ‘duality’, 307, 319, 487 
conceptual, 22, 55, 142, 143, 324, 
392, 394, 395, 400, 408, 415, 419, 
479, 490 
integration 
(see integration) 
link, 402, 407, 411, 416, 423, 425 
metaphor 
(see metaphor) 
network, 408, 410–412, 426 

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500