Phraseology and Culture in English

3.2.2.3. Adverbial use of 
gorja
þ* / žark*
The Russian adverbs related to the adjectives at issue are formally identical 
with one particular form of the latter, namely with the short form of the 
neuter gender, an adjectival form that can be used predicatively as in exam-
ples (xiv), (xvi).
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They can be identified on the basis of their invariability 
and their function as verb or adjective modifiers. Table 6 gives a survey of 
the adverbs’ collocates, the function of the node words being almost exclu-
sively verbal modifiers. 

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156
Doris Schönefeld 
Table 6. Adverbial use of gorja
þo / žarko
Function Modified 
words 
Verbal modifier govorit’ (speak), sporit’ (have an argument), voskliknut’/voskli-
cat’ (exclaim), (po)ljubit’ (love), skazat’ (say), vozrasit’/vozra-
žat’ (object), (po)blagodarit’ (thank), pocelovat’ (kiss), obnjat’/ 
obnimat’ (embrace), podderžat’/podderživat’ (support), privetst-
vovat’ (greet), prosit’ (ask), etc. 
 dyšat’ (breathe), (pro)šeptat’/šepnut’ (whisper), sporit’ (have an 
argument), (po)celovat’ (kiss), verit’ (believe (in)), goret’ (burn, 
glow), zašeptat’ (whisper)
Adj modifier 
ljubimyj ((be)loved) 
 netoplenno (heated up)
As was found for the English data, the adverbial usage in Russian is re-
stricted to the expression of sense 2 – intense emotion, the only exception 
being a literal reading with the verb goret’ (burn, glow), and the adjective 
netoplenno (heated up). 
Russian idiomatic usage will be discussed after the presentation of the 
German data. 
3.2.3. Heiß* in German usage 
The corpus used is that from the IDS Mannheim: COSMAS II, Version 
3.1.0.5. From the available material, a subcorpus was compiled that com-
pares to the BNC in size: about 100 million words of running text. The 
texts it contains comprise newspaper texts, literary texts, official docu-
ments, manuals and news, but no spoken texts.
Table 7 gives an overview of the occurrences of heiß* extracted from 
the corpus. 
Table 7. Number of occurrences of heiß 
Function of heiß 
Number of occurrences 
Total 10,162
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Attributive usage 
4,046 (of a frequency of N > 5) 
Predicative usage 
221 (of a frequency of V > 5) 
Adverbial usage 
447

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Hot, heiß, and gorjachij
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