Phraseology and Culture in English

Index
509
Second language (L2) (cf. language 
acquisition), 14, 25, 268, 399, 
417, 426, 450, 454, 455 
segmental, 19 
non-segmental, 
18 
suprasegmental, 
18 
self-limitation, 64, 66, 71 
semantic, 24, 54–56, 65, 66, 74–76, 
89, 122, 129, 137, 138, 145, 152, 
183, 235, 247, 285, 309, 313, 380, 
384, 451, 452 
bleaching, 129, 283, 284, 298 
domain, 275, 291 
opaqueness, 140, 151 
preference, 110, 112, 122–124, 
478
prosody, 261, 265, 266, 309 
relation, 52–54, 71, 309, 310 
schema 
(see schema, semantic) 
structure, 18, 63, 64 
variation 
(see variation, semantic) 
semantics, 9, 12, 24, 74, 75, 79, 328, 
477
sentence-like, 10, 11, 18 
simile, 165, 188, 235–251, 480, 483, 
484
Singaporean English, 441 
situation-bound expressions, 7, 9, 
13, 17, 19, 28–30, 472, 491 
slang, 9, 212, 243, 245, 248 
slogan, 31, 191, 197, 224, 295, 297, 
298, 485 
social significance (cf. individual 
significance), 353, 356, 357, 360, 
362, 365- 370 
sociolect, 376 
source domain (SD) (cf. target do-
main), 143, 146–148, 162, 167, 
408
South African English (see African)
speech act, 7, 12, 30, 208, 257, 258, 
260, 262, 268, 310, 328, 472, 484 
directive, 
110 
expression, 
28 
functions, 
3 
speech community, 23, 49, 56, 143, 
144, 167, 235, 314, 353, 356, 363, 
367, 377, 378, 399, 480, 481 
speech event, 323, 327 
spiritual, 389, 400, 403–406, 408, 
416, 417, 424 
spirituality, 401, 408
spoken, 8, 15, 18, 20, 21, 51, 110, 
120, 236, 257–262, 268, 326, 329, 
437, 438, 448, 450, 455, 476, 484, 
486, 489 
St Helenian English, 359, 360, 369 
stabilization, 376 
standard, 26, 245, 248, 355, 361, 
367, 368, 375, 379, 438 
emerging, 438, 439 
English, 238, 382–384, 387–390, 
394, 395, 437, 438, 440, 445, 456 
non-standard, 367, 389 
spoken, 
355 
written, 
438 
standardisation, 439 
standardised, 185, 191, 368 
stem, 31, 325, 331, 332, 337–340 
sentence, 331, 332 
stereotype, 8, 12, 17, 74, 199, 298, 
314, 315, 317, 355, 356 
style, 20, 198, 250, 251, 327, 367, 
438, 453, 485, 488 
stylistic, 81, 250, 354, 385, 438, 452 
substrate, 449 
influence 
(see creole influence) 
suffix, 98, 283, 382, 383, 386, 394 
superstrate, 376 
Surrey Corpus, 325, 334, 335, 337, 
340, 343 
Swiss German, 353–355 
synchronic, 192, 437 
synonym, 19, 284, 285, 440 

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510
 Index 
synonymous, 288, 387, 422 
syntactic, 11, 24, 30, 74, 112, 137, 
138, 153, 236, 247, 248, 251, 261, 
354, 391, 413, 451 
adjustment, 380, 385, 391 
flexibility, 
413 
preference, 
478 
syntagmatic, 137, 309 
syntax, 9, 11, 12, 24, 28, 31, 56, 
129, 236 
tag, 392 
target domain (TD) (cf. source do-
main), 143, 147, 148, 162, 165, 
167
telephone, 158, 337 
answering machine message, 
323–327, 329–331, 334, 335, 
337, 340, 485 
call, 323, 325, 326, 340, 344, 
345, 485, 486 
conversation, 323, 324, 326, 329, 
334, 337, 345 
tentative, 58, 118, 262 
tentativeness, 58, 59, 476 
thanking, 341, 342, 344, 345 
thinning-out (cf. loss), 364, 366 
token, 130, 268, 418, 423, 424 
transitive, 20, 28, 247 
complex-, 
158 
intransitive, 
110 
Tristan da Cunha English (TdCE), 
353, 356, 359, 360, 367, 368, 489 
Tübingen corpus (see Russian cor-
pus)
turn, 20, 22, 344, 362 
-taking, 323, 353, 354 
UK (see British) 
universal, 11, 75, 92, 96, 109, 146, 
148
unpremodified (cf. premodified), 
112, 122 
US (-American) (see American) 
vague, 259, 295, 296 
value, 54, 62, 70, 71, 109, 110, 183, 
207, 228, 235, 365, 366, 369, 399, 
401, 402, 475, 482, 487 
-adding, 282, 284, 286, 473 
cultural, 79, 82, 102, 146, 205, 
208, 236, 303, 318, 471, 478 
-reducing, 
286 
variability, 13, 27, 28, 140, 191, 235, 
308, 362, 437, 439, 456, 489, 491 
collocational, 442, 448, 456 
grammatical, 
12 
lexical, 12, 438, 442 
phonetic, 
437 
regional, 
440 
variant, 100, 101, 236, 245, 296, 298, 
365, 368, 437, 453, 461 
variation, 27, 29, 140, 258, 340, 354, 
356, 367, 438, 440, 441, 456, 457, 
487, 489 
lexical, 19, 235, 237
regional, 440, 443 
semantic, 
477 
structural, 
331 
variety, 111, 355, 367–369, 377, 399, 
418, 440, 455 
identification, 437, 440, 488 
of English, 8, 89, 99, 245, 251, 
258, 365, 369, 375, 379, 395, 400, 
410, 416–418, 423, 426, 437, 438, 
440, 441, 444, 450, 453, 455, 484, 
489
-specific, 437, 441, 444, 447, 461, 
488, 489 
verb anticipation, 391 
vernacular, 182, 359, 364, 484 
vernacularisation, 375–377, 380 

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Index
511
WCL thematic corpus, 400, 406–408, 
411, 412, 414, 415 
Web (corpus/domain/search), 276, 
439, 443–449, 457, 477 
West African English (see African)
Whorf, Benjamin, 235, 476, 478, 479, 
481
witchcraft, 400, 405–408, 410, 411, 
422–424, 426 
word formation, 283 
word-like, 10, 13, 18, 31, 333, 491 
word-order inversion, 359 
word play (cf. pun), 97, 240, 241, 
248, 250, 483–485 
World English/es (cf. New Eng-
lishes), 399, 426, 438, 440, 442, 
456
World Wide Web (see Web) 
worldview, 32, 205–208, 210, 211, 
213, 214, 218, 223–225, 228, 377, 
378, 417, 472, 482, 483 
written, 5, 6, 15, 18–21, 25, 51, 109, 
144, 151, 208, 236, 262, 283, 326, 
329, 437–440, 476, 482, 486, 488, 
489
Yankee, 205, 213, 218, 223–225, 228 
Yorkshire English, 360 
Zambian English, 403 

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