Plural numbers

Ox-buqa
Oxen-buqalar
Sheep-qo’y	Sheep-qo’ylar
Man-erkak	Men-erkaklar
Deer-kiyik	Deer-kiyiklar
Muose-sichqon	Mice-sichqonlar

Countable (sanaladigan) and uncountable( sanalmeydigan) nouns

1, countable nouns- sanaladigan otlar bular biz sanasak bo’ladigan otlar va ularning singular va plural shakllari mavjud, singular nouns lar oldidan a va an ( birlik noaniq artikallar) ishlatiladi,
2, uncountable nouns (sanalmeydigan otlar)- bunday otlarni sanashni imkoni yo’q va bunday otlar ko’p holda singular shaklda ishlatiladi,
Bularga

Food	Cheese, butter, meat, salt, pepper, becon, bread, chocolate, honey etc
Liquids( suyuqliklar)	Coffee, milk, water, tea, wine, lemonade
Materials( moddalar)	Gold, iron, silver, wood, paper etc
Abstract nouns ( mavhum otlar)	Beauty, love, happinessatc
Others( va boshqalar)	Hair, money, news, snow, furniture, weather, advice

Bunday otlar oldidan a va an artikallarni ishlatilmeydi,
UNIT 2 to be
To be- fe’li bo’lmoq deb tarjima qilinadi va u asosan ot kesimda ishlatiladi fe’l kesimda esa Continuous ( davomiy) zamonlarda ishlatiladi
To be fe’ling hozirgi zamon shakllari – AM IS ARE, bular gapdagi olmoshlarga qarab ishlatilinadi


UNIT 3 Articles/this-that-these-those
A/AN- gapda ko’p hola bitta deb tarjima qilinadi, bular noaniq article hisoblanib, sanaladidagan hamda birlik otlar oldidan ishlatilinadi, A undosh harf bilan, An esa unli harf bilan boshlanadigan otlar oldidan keladi. Lekin ot oldidan sifat kelsa, otning birinchi harfiga qarab emas balki sifatning birinchi harfiga qarab A yoki An artikllari ishlatiladi.
A/AN- for countable and singular nouns
Misol uchun:
A tiger, A cat, A book, An umbrella
SOME- biroz bir nechta deb tarjima qilinadi, ham countable ( sanaladigan) ham uncountable ( sanalmeydigan) otlar oldidan keladi, lekin countable otlar oldidan ishlatilganda hamisha ot ko’plikda bo’ladi.
Some coffee some books some people

The- aniq article, gapda ko’p holda tarjima qilinmeydi, hamma birlik ham ko’plik ham sanaladigan ham sanalmeydigan otlar oldidan ishlatiladi.
Ishlatilish tartiblari:

1. 
   Gapda otning aniq bo’lsa, biz uchun tanish bo’lsa,
   

I need to wash the car - men mashinani yuvishim kerak. Bu gapda mashina kimga tegishliligi ravshan shuning uchun uning oldidan the aniq artcle ishlatilebdi.( the car= my car)

2. 
   Agarda ot yagona narsa bo’lsa,
   

The earth, the moon, the sun,

3. 
   Daryo, dengiz, okean nomlari oldidan; tog’ tizmalari oldidan; orollar va shtatlar guruhlari oldidan