Polysemy and metaphor in perception verbs: a cross-linguistic study
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PhD-Thesis-99
2.3.1. VISION
Vision is by far the most studied sense of the five. The semantic field of sight has been analysed not only from the point of view of polysemy (Bauer 1949; Prévot 1935; García Hernández 1976; Alm-Arvius 1993) but also from the language acquisition perspective (Landau and Gleitman 1985; C. Johnson 1999). In this section I present a summary of the main extended meanings that vision verbs convey cross-linguistically and in Basque, English and Spanish in particular. The verbs used for the following analysis are see and look in English, ikusi and begiratu in Basque, and ver and mirar in Spanish. Due to the vast number of extended meanings possible in this sense I have organised them into 4 groups. The first group of extended meanings is that which relates physical vision with the intellect or mental activity. Within this group, the following 48 See Caplan (1973), Bolinger (1974), Cooper (1974 a, b), Kirsner and Thompson (1976), Declerk (1981), Vlach (1983), Dik and Hengeveld (1991), Horie (1993), Mönnich (Ms), Schüle (Ms), among many others. B. Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano Polysemy and metaphor in perception verbs 56 meanings ‘to understand’, ‘to foresee’, ‘to visualise’, ‘to regard’, ‘to imagine’, ‘to revise’, and ‘to meditate’ are included. The meaning ‘to understand’ is illustrated in (15), (16) and (17) below: (15) I explained the problem but he could not see it ( COL ) (16) Orduan (nik) ez nuen ikusi (berak) zer esan nahi zuen then I. ERG neg AUX see he. ERG what say want aux. COMP ‘I didn’t see at the time what he wanted to say’ ( ELH ) (17) Es una manera apresurada de ver las cosas is a way hasty of see the things ‘It’s a very hasty way to see things’ ( CREA ) Another meaning belonging to this group is ‘to foresee’ as in (18), (19) and (20). (18) I can see what will happen if you don’t help ( COL ) (19) Peiori gertatu zaiona aurretik ikusi nuen nik peter. DAT happen AUX . REL . ABS before. ABL see AUX I. ERG ‘I already foresaw what has happened to Peter’ (20) Estoy viendo que mi hermano llega sin avisar am seeing COMP my brother arrives without notify ‘I can see he is going to come without letting us know’ ( RAE ) In these three examples we foresee what is going to happen before it actually takes place. In the case of Basque, it is necessary to add the word aurretik ‘before’ in order to infer this meaning. Otherwise the verb takes the physical meaning ‘to witness’. Another meaning in this group is ‘to imagine’, and ‘to visualise’. In this case, what we see in our imagination is something that has not taken place yet. B. Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano Polysemy and metaphor in perception verbs 57 (21) I can’t see him as a teacher ( AM ) (22) Esta chica ya se ve estrella de cine this girl already she. REFL sees star of cinema ‘This girl already imagines herself a film star’ ( LAR ) (23) (Guk) Geure buruak galdurik ikusi genituen we. ERG our head. ABS . PL lost see AUX ‘We saw ourselves lost’ ( IS ) Another meaning in this group is ‘to consider’, ‘to regard’, and ‘to judge’ as in (24), (25) and (26). (24) Many Download 1.39 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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