Polysemy and metaphor in perception verbs: a cross-linguistic study
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7.4. CONCLUSIONS
This chapter has focused on the question of how the polysemous senses of a lexical item are obtained; whether they are the result of the meaning of that particular item, or the result of the interaction between the semantics of that lexical item and the other elements that co-occur in the same sentence. In Section 7.1, I have reviewed Brugman’s analysis of the polysemy of the preposition over and shown that these polysemous senses are not localised on the preposition itself. The other elements that accompanied the preposition are decisive in these meanings. I have also stated that the elements that are needed to convey the extended meanings are not the same from a cross-linguistic point of view. Section 7.2 applies these preliminary results to the polysemy of tactile and olfactory verbs and puts forward a hypothesis to constrain polysemy, called ‘Graduable polysemy’. This hypothesis states that extended meanings are obtained through the interaction of the different elements of a sentence. However, the weight of the semantics of the different elements in the overall meaning of a sentence is not the same in all extended meanings, but graduable. There are three different grades of polysemy: (i) ‘Unpredictable polysemy’, when it is not possible to predict what the interpretation is by means of the choice of arguments, (ii) ‘Verb-driven extensions’, when it is the verb that mainly governs the choice of arguments and meaning, (iii) ‘Argument-driven extensions’, when the meaning is mainly determined by the verb arguments and other elements of the sentence. It has been argued that these different elements that contribute to build up the polysemous senses of tactile and olfactory verbs in different degrees are constrained by the ‘verb property requirement’. This requirement states that the properties that characterise the different elements that interact with the verb must not violate the 155 This may also explain why the default meaning of Bq hunkitu is precisely ‘to affect (emotionally)’. B. Iraide Ibarretxe Antuñano Chapter 2: The Semantic Field of Sense Perception 210 prototypical properties that constitute the bodily basis upon which the polysemy of these verbs is based. This requirement also shows the way in which some properties that characterise these perceptual processes are highlighted by the semantic content of these elements. Finally, Section 7.3 has addressed the question of how universal polysemy is. Based on the results obtained from the application of graduable polysemy to the other two languages under investigation – Basque and Spanish –, it has been concluded that in order to analyse the polysemy found in a specific semantic field, it is necessary to distinguish between what I have called ‘conceptual polysemy’ and its overt realisation in different languages. Conceptual polysemy refers to the conceptual mappings that take place between different domains of experience. It is constrained by the different properties that characterise the bodily basis of the semantic field under analysis, and therefore, it is universal. Cognitive devices such as metaphor and property selection processes carry it out. The overt realisation of conceptual polysemy is language specific. Graduable polysemy establishes and classifies the importance of the semantic content of these elements in the creation of such conceptual polysemy in three different degrees of compositionality. The choice of what elements are required is constrained by the verb- property requirement. B. Iraide Ibarretxe Antuñano Chapter 2: The Semantic Field of Sense Perception Download 1.39 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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