Producer price indices volume 2002, Supplement 2
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2.9 Scope/Coverage
It is useful to consider how the uses of CPIs outlined in Part 2.1 have implications for the required scope or coverage. A general measure of inflation for macro-economic analysis would require a nation-wide scope covering all consumer goods and services. Since inflation is generally viewed as relating to monetary transactions, expenditure should not be imputed. Economic levers such as interest rate and tax effects should be omitted. The scope of an index used for escalation of pensions, wages, etc., (i.e. compensation) should relate to those people affected by the indexation. Price and wage adjustment in private contracts is best done using an all items CPI relevant to the people affected (for wages) and a sub-index of the CPI most relevant to the nature of the work being undertaken (for prices). When it comes to national accounts deflation, CPI sub-indices will almost certainly be used to deflate components of consumers' expenditure and this requires nation-wide coverage, inclusion of institutional households, inclusion of sales taxes, and imputed expenditure for consumer goods and services acquired as income in kind. This is considered in more detail in later sections of this Part. When considering scope, a number of decisions must be made regarding: what is included in the basket of goods and services; who purchases them; which expenditures are included, from which outlets are they purchased; and which components of prices should be included in expenditure. Some of the relevant questions are outlined below: A. Who purchases the goods and services, i.e. what is the reference population? • what is the geographical coverage? • which types of households are covered? • which socio-economic groups are covered? B. Which expenditure and transactions are included, i.e. which expenditures, for which purposes, which transactions, and which elements of the prices paid? • consumption vs. investment • consumption vs. transfers • should expenditure be imputed for consumption of goods and services acquired as income in kind? • should prices include sales taxes and subsidies? • should items with administered or controlled prices be included? • should illegal goods and services be included? • should luxury items be included? 27 Price Indices © 2002 • how to treat discount/sales prices and rebates? • how to treat loyalty schemes, free gifts and other incentives? • which outlets should be included? Download 465.51 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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