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The "extrinsic catastrophists"
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The "extrinsic catastrophists"
This side of the controversy holds that the ultimate cause of the K-T extinction was extrinsic, meaning of an extra-terrestrial nature, and catastrophic, meaning fairly sudden and punctuated. The main hypothesis was proposed in 1980 by Luis and Walter Alvarez of the University of California at Berkeley, with later variations by others. The original Alvarez hypothesis is that a large extra-terrestrial object collided with the Earth, its impact throwing up enough dust to cause the climatic change. The iridium layer is what prompted the Alvarez team to blame an asteroid impact for the extinction — asteroids and similar extra-terrestrial bodies are higher in iridium content than the Earth's crust, so they reasoned that the iridium layer must be composed of the dust from the vaporized meteor. Later research found a crater at Chicxulub, on the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. Other evidence was also reported: the presence of shocked quartz in the rocks of the K-T boundary (indicating the passage of a shock wave so powerful that it actually rearranged the crystal structure of quartz grains); and a soot layer, found in many areas (evidence for widespread forest fires). The likelihood that massive hurricanes and firestorms would have raged across the Earth was also hypothesized, adding to the destructive power of the catastrophe. Conclusions There has been no settlement of the issue so far, and no clear one is foreseeable. Both sides claim to hold the majority of proponents in science; it seems that (greatly over-generalizing) many paleontologists lean towards the intrinsic side, while many astronomers and physicists favor the extrinsic side, and geologists are probably evenly split between the two. There is much work to be done, and much value to this work — understanding the K-T extinction would help us to understand mass extinctions in general, and might provide a glimpse into the fleeting, evanescent nature of our own mortality. |
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