Recent insights into polysaccharide-based hydrogels and their potential applications in food sector: a review
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Electrospinning using 5, 10 and 20 % carvacrol Excellent antioxidant potential, Shelf- life extension [275] Kafirin/gelatin (blend) film-middle layer Kafirin film-one layer Gelatin films-inner layer Packaging of fruit and vegetable (fresh) a films (three layered) Layer-by-layer solvent casting method Improved water barrier properties [276] n.i = not indicated. a corrections done A. Manzoor et al. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 213 (2022) 987–1006 998 well as dust particles. These types of aspects trigger or perhaps boost the deterioration of food products or beverages. An excellent food packing stuff must be inert, to never permit the exchange, for example, need to have an ideal obstruction attribute, as well as reusable [152] . Alongside this, food product packaging stuff ought to satisfy around 3 practical attributes mechanical defense to food items throughout transportation as well storage, oxygen as well as humidity obstruction plus defense against contaminants with microbes. Food product packaging stuff must be of such excellence that they guarantee to preserve the excellence for an extended time as well as protect in opposition to many external stresses. It is an extremely aggressive area with massive requirements for efficiency and economy. Usage of crude oil derivatives, metallic ele- ments, glass, paper, and the board had been the most beneficial system within this framework because of their effective overall performance at a very affordable cost. Nevertheless, other than boards and papers, that are bio-degradable, the rest is produced from non-renewable means. A necessity for the food product packaging stuff made from eco-friendly sources like polysaccharides obtained from organic means had become the more suitable preference so to achieve sustainability [153] . Regarding the desire of buyers for the premium food products, and at the exact occasion maintaining in the brain no pollution of the environment, the utilization of alternative solutions to generate nontoxic and biode- gradable/bioactive packing contents that uphold goods high quality and minimize waste material disposal issues are being given consideration. As the alternative to the non-biodegradable petrochemical formulated alternatives, multiple eco-friendly biopolymers like proteins, lipids, as well as their compounds, produced from plant and animal sources have already been explored for the creation of biodegradable product pack- aging materials. Lately, bio-based hydrogels were used in food packing ( Table 4 ). On the other hand, utilizing superabsorbent polymers within the food sector as bio-based hydrogels is still constrained. Although the idea of hydrogel food product packaging is fairly emerging such as environmentally friendly packaging and sustainable product packaging, it does not still enter the forefront for its adoption in practicality. Hydrogels can provide unique possibilities for designing excellent product packaging stuff with suitable attributes (for example toughness, eco-friendly, endurance, etc.) when made using carboxymethyl cellulose and Polyvinyl pyrroli- done as foundation polymers [154] . In the Food, Textile, and paper in- dustries, Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is widely utilized which is a hydrophilic, and biodegradable polymer [155] . Fernandez et al. [156] stated that direct contact coatings should be used in the same way as single biopolymer films. Hydrogels have also been used in active packaging for controlling the humidity inside the package besides impeding microbial growth, which enhances the product quality and stability and prolongs its storage time [157] . Different hydrogels are used to develop packaging materials with desired characteristics to control humidity [158] . Their possible use within the food preservation area consists of eliminating the humidity or exudates produced within the packaging due to vegetables' organic process and water loss triggered by physicochemical alterations in packed goods, or because of the interpretation of water vapor attributed to environmental profile, particularly, when it comes to fresh food products. The fruits and vegetables, which are commonly prone to spoilage, can be protected through hydrogel-based packaging systems. Therefore, the application of hydrogel could certainly reduce water activity (a w ), delay the development of yeast, mold, and spoilage of food products like ready-to-eat food (e.g., fresh-cut vegetables) as well as hygroscopic products (e.g., powdered foodstuffs), or even influence the textural properties of dried crunchy products (e.g., deep-fried potatoes, cookies) [159] . Hydrogels comprise an appealing replacement to be used within food packaging strategies, wherein this sort of absorbing materials typically offer emerging possibilities for effective designing of food product packaging setups having suitable attributes (like shelf-life, biodegrad- ability, and mechanical resistance). The incorporation of hydrogels within food product packaging setups is one of the promising and appealing techniques, in which hydrogels exhibit unique properties that may increase food items' shelf-life [154,160] . Hydrogel films having a mix of alginate, agar-agar, and collagen, and antimicrobial chemicals like Ag nanoparticles and grapefruit seed extract, had been developed to produce product packaging films for garden-fresh potatoes [161] . An additional benefit of the edible polymer as a product packaging material is, it may become a food ingredient alongside necessary attributes such as maximum obstruction as well as mechanical properties, stability against microbes, cost-effective, nonpoisonous, and eco-friendly [162] . Edible polymers can be utilized as film, gels, or coatings. Several stra- tegies utilized for film creation consist of casting, spraying, wrapping, foaming, brushing, etc. [163] . Moreover, hydrogels are used as quality indicators by altering in visibility reaction to metabolites emitted which eventually decides the quality of the food items [164] . The hydrogel- incorporated pastries displayed a reduced propensity to moisture redistribution along with a surge in suppleness when kept in an ambient environment [165] . Agar-based hydrogel added to antimicrobial sub- stances enhances the shelf stability of dairy products via active pack- aging without disturbing the sensory attributes [166] . Silver nanoparticles and grapefruit seed extract agar, blended with alginate and collagen, are exploited to develop a product-packaging coating for fresh potatoes [161] . Microbial contamination of food is a serious concern for the food business that is difficult to solve. After water absorption, an efficient antibacterial hydrogel made from electrospinning nanofibers containing gelatin, chitosan, and 3-phenyl lactic acid (PLA) was employed to in- crease antibacterial efficacy and extend the shelf life of chilled chicken meat in the study. This hydrogel's structure, water-absorbing capacity, antibacterial ability, and fresh-keeping ability were analyzed. The carboxyl group in PLA reacted with the amino group in chitosan, forming an amide bond under acidic circumstances, according to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This link improved the hydrogel's water absorption and stability. The addition of PLA affected the structure of hydrogels as well as the ratio of different states of water in the hydrogels, according to low-field nuclear magnetic resonance. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the prepared hydrogel exhibited a peculiar spongy form following water absorption. In addition, hydrogel efficiently inactivated the foodborne pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and extended the shelf life of chilled chicken to four days [167] . Download 1.62 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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