Regulations for calcium, magnesium or hardness in drinking water in the European Union member states
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kozisek2020
3. Methodology
Information on respective national regulations or standards cov- ering Ca or Mg levels in drinking water was collected via personal contacts with the members of the ENDWARE group (European Network of Drinking Water Regulators). For the EU countries which have cur- rently no representative in the group, its environmental attachés at the Permanent Representation to the EU were addressed to provide the information. Thus, current data from all 28 EU member states was collected in May–July 2019. The inquiry was not only focused on legal-based regulation but also on any technical standard or educational, informational brochure for water producers or the general public. This was because several coun- tries, after deletion of Ca and Mg from the directive 98/83/EC, con- verted legal requirements into technical standards or guidance. Because units expressing the concentration of water hardness differ between the countries, limit values and units were also converted to modern units (mmol/L) for easier comparison. The conversion factors were: 1 mmol/L = 5.6 °dH (German degrees) = 10 °F (French de- grees) = 100 mg CaCO 3 /L = 56 mg CaO/L. 1 Scaling is the precipitation of water minerals which form limescale, deposit on the inner surfaces of pipes and hot water boilers. 2 Calcium and magnesium were historically analyzed together as water hardness. Although nowadays both elements are often analyzed individually, parameter of hardness is still widely used for practical reasons. Theoretically, water hardness is sum of all divalent (multivalent) cations present in water, practically it means sum of Ca and Mg. 3 The EEC and the EC are former names of the European Union. F. Kozisek Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 112 (2020) 104589 2 |
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