Republic of uzbekistan tashkent institute of irrigation engineers and agriculture mechanizations

Determination of the place of agritourism services in the general classification of tourist services

In this section, we will consider the place of agritourism in the general classification of tourism activities, we will introduce the concepts of "ecological tourism" and "rural tourism". We will also draw up a tourism classification map.

Today, there are many different classifications of tourism, which are distinguished on different grounds. Such bases can be:

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  Purpose of travel (recreational tourism, business tourism);
  
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  By nationality (national, international);
  
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  By the number of participants (individual, family, group);
  
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  By geographic features, taking into account the natural, taking into account the natural and social situation (mountain, water, sea, urban, rural, ecological);
  
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  By the nature of the tourist route (hiking, skiing, mountain, water, cycling, car, equestrian, skiing, combined and others);
  
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  By organizational basis (organized and unorganized);
  
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  By physical load on the human body (active, passive);
  
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  Based on the allocation of the target function, motives and results (sports, recreational, therapeutic, entertainment, educational, event-ny, adventure, business, environmental, combined and others);
  

As you can see, depending on the basis of the classification, different types of tourism are grouped into certain groups. Therefore, it is important to determine the basis against which the classification should be made.
Agrarian tourism or agritourism, as a direction of tourist and recreational activity, is inextricably linked with such concepts as types of tourism such as ecological and rural tourism. Many scholars and practitioners disagree on the understanding of these three definitions, and therefore there are several points of view on how rural, agricultural and ecological tourism relate to each other. According to one of the most common points of view among Russian scientists and practitioners, rural and agricultural tourism are identical concepts, and ecological tourism is an independent direction of tourist and recreational activity (Kundius 2011, Dubinicheva 2009). Others argue that agrarian and ecological tourism are varieties of rural tourism and even the concept of "agroecotourism" is being introduced. There are also other points of view.
N. Volodin considers the categories "rural tourism" and "agrarian tourism" as synonymous. In his opinion, agrarian (rural) tourism involves a temporary stay of tourists in rural areas for the purpose of recreation and / or participation in agricultural work (Volodin 2008). According to another approach, agrarian and ecological tourism are the directions of rural tourism.
So, V. Chaika and A. Isaev consider rural tourism as a sector of the tourism industry that uses the natural, cultural, historical, social and other resources of the countryside to create an integrated tourism product (Chaika 2010). At the same time, these authors note that rural tourism includes all types of recreational activities in rural areas: ecological tourism, agricultural tourism, sports tourism, pilgrimage, and the like. The main criterion for classifying this or that tour as rural tourism, these authors define the overnight stay of tourists in rural areas, including small towns without industrial and multi-storey buildings. Agrarian tourism, in their opinion, presupposes a connection with agricultural production, for example, in the form of gardening, caring for animals, and the like.
According to the approach of Z. Kamilova and S. Laipanov, agrarian tourism is a direction of ecological tourism, which provides for the rest of people on the basis of a farm or household plots. At the same time, these authors consider ecological tourism as a type of tourism associated with communication with nature, which does not harm natural complexes, contributes to the protection of the environment, and contributes to the improvement of the well-being of the local population (Kamilova, 2008).
A. Alexandrova identifies such concepts as "tourism in the countryside" (rural tourism in the broad sense of the word) and "rural tourism" (rural tourism in the narrow sense of the word). According to her approach, tourism in rural areas or rural tourism in the broadest sense of the word includes all types of tourism activities carried out in the countryside. The main criterion for referring to this category is the sign of territorial localization. Moreover, the types of tourism in rural areas, according to this approach, include all types of tourism associated with rural areas: rural tourism in the narrow sense of the word, ecological tourism, ethnographic tourism, partially cultural and educational, medical and sports tourism. While rural tourism in the narrow sense of the word, according to Alexandrova, is a special type of tourism that combines the forms of organized and unorganized rest of tourists in rural areas in order to get acquainted with nature, get to know the rural way of life, with traditions of farming (Aleksan-drova, 2008). The key features, in this case, are the forms of leisure activities of vacationers (caring for agricultural plants and animals) and the motivation for travel (acquaintance with the countryside, its nature and culture).
Also important is the position of the Association of Agritourism in relation to the definition of agritourism. According to open information posted on the website of the association, agritourism should be understood as a type of activity organized in rural areas, in which complex services for accommodation, recreation, food, excursion services, organization of leisure and sports events, activities are formed and provided for visiting guests. active types of tourism, organization of fishing, hunting, acquisition of knowledge and skills. It is also proposed to consider the concepts of rural, rural tourism as synonyms of agritourism, without going into the subtleties and details of existing foreign models that define this type of activity in different ways (AgroTourismAssociation).
The opinions of foreign researchers are equally ambiguous in relation to agritourism. So, for example, Nilsson distinguished between the concepts of "rural" and "farm" tourism, but at the same time noted that farm tourism is a kind of rural and the strength of the traditions and customs of the area is distinguished. An important component of farming tourism is the farmer himself, who embodies all the “good old” ideals inherent in his profession (Nilsson, 2002).
Based on the consideration of various points of view and approaches to the co-attribution of agritourism, rural tourism and ecotourism, we will derive the main regularities in the correlation of these concepts, as well as give a definition of rural tourism and ecotourism. As a basis for the classification, we will focus on the allocation of target functions, motives and results of tourism. This approach will provide a more accurate delineation of concepts, since will help to highlight the key features of each type of tourism. The choice of the basis for the classification also lies in the fact that all three types of tourism belong to recreational tourism, use the same resources for the provision of services, and may have areas of mutual penetration.
So, based on the above approaches and the definition of agritourism, which was formulated in the first part, we can say that rural tourism is synonymous with agritourism. However, it should be noted that this assumption is based on the commonality of the elements invested in these concepts: stay in rural areas (geographical location), use of natural, cultural, historical, social and other resources of rural areas (resources involved in the creation of tourism -ski product), where the goal is recreation and participation in agricultural work. At the same time, agritourism is a more specific concept, because target motives in agritourism are more specific: involvement in a rural lifestyle and participation in traditional rural labor - a tourist, with permission and together with the owner of the house, can participate in agricultural work: work in the field, harvesting in the garden, caring for livestock. Based on this, we can say that agritourism will be a part of rural tourism and we can accept the definition of rural tourism proposed by Aleksandrova that rural tourism is “a type of recreation for tourists in rural areas in order to familiarize themselves with nature, acquaintance with the rural way of life, with the traditions of rural farms ”.
Before proceeding to the definition of the place of ecotourism in relation to rural and agricultural tourism, it is necessary to define a rural area, since the above definitions of ecological tourism do not operate with this concept, but imply a trip to nature, which is relatively untouched by anthropogenic impact. Here is the definition given by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which states that “the countryside encompasses people, territory and other resources of the public landscape and small settlements outside the immediate sphere economic activity of large urban centers ”. Based on this definition, it can be said that ecotourism is carried out in rural areas (geographical location). In doing so, it also implies the use of natural resources. However, if we approach ecotourism from the point of view of considering the target functions, motives and results of tourism, then the main target function and motive is interaction with nature, relatively untouched by anthropogenic impact. Therefore, as the main definition, one can use the approach of Z. Kamilova and S. Laipanov, in which ecological tourism is considered as “a type of tourism associated with communication with nature, which does not harm natural complexes, contributes to the protection of the environment, and contributes to the improvement of local well-being. population ”with the clarification that the nature in the area of ​​deployment is relatively untouched by anthropogenic impact.