S. o r I f j o n o V elektromagnitizm
Download 48 Kb. Pdf ko'rish
|
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- 1 3 - § . O m q o n u n i. J o u l- L e n s q o n u n i
- «O m n azariyasini birinchi b or o ‘qiganim da, u zu lm atga t o ‘lgan x o n a n i birdan yoritgan y a sh in ga o ‘xsh ad i».
- Material p,(Q m) Material Oltin Kumush Mis Alyuminiy Temir Rux Nikel
- 4.2 10-“ Qo‘rg‘oshin Grafit Polistirol Rezina Shisha Tekstolit Ebon it Qahrabo
|
f (12.3) E n g s o d d a h o ld a , S s irt yassi b o M g a n id a v a to k z ic h lig i b ir jin s li boM ganida in te g ra lg a z a ru riy a t boM m aydi, y a ’n i / = j S = jS c o s e boM adi. T o k k u c h i A (A m p e r) b irlig id a o M chanad i v a v a q t b irlig id a b iro n s irt o rq a li o 'ta y o tg a n z a r y a d la r m iq d o r in i b ild ira d i. T o k k u c h i ra q a m li yoki s tre lk a li a m p e r m e tr la r d a o M ch an ad i (1 2 .1 - r a s m ) . 12.1-rasm. Z a ry a d la rn in g saq lan ish q o n u n id a s is te m a n in g y o p iq sirti orqali to k k u c h i s is te m a d a g i z a r y a d l a r m iq d o r i b ila n ( l . l ) te n g lik vo sitasid a bogM anadi: I + d q / d t = 0. (12.4) B irlik h a jm u c h u n esa z a ry a d la r n in g s a q la n is h q o n u n i u z lu k s iz lik te n g la m a s i b ila n ifo d a la n a d i: div j + dp / dt = 0. (12.5) S ta ts io n a r s h a r o it u c h u n 1 = 0, div j = 0 (12.6) o ‘rin li boM adi. Y o p iq sirt u c h u n / = 0 te n g lik K irx g o fn in g b irin c h i q o id asig a asos boMadi. T u rli m u h itla rd a g i to k n in g m e x a n iz m la ri tu rlic h a boMib, u la m i n a f a q a t X I X - X X a s r f iz ik a s i, b a lk i z a m o n a v i y f iz ik a h a m o 'r g a n m o q d a v a y a n g i y u tu q la rg a e r is h m o q d a . B u m a s a la m o d d a tu z ilish i b ila n b o g 'liq b o ‘lib, b u n in g q a n c h a lik m u ra k k a b lig in i o ‘q u v ch i 7 -§ d a h a m sez g an . U s h b u k ito b d a tu rli m u h itla rd a g i elek tr to k la rn in g m e x a n iz m la ri 5 -b o b d a o ‘rg a n ila d i. S a v o l va m a s a la la r 12.1. Tok zichligining va tok kuchining m a ’nosi nim a? 12.2. M isda har bir ato m d an ikki elektron erkin elektronga aylan- sa, u n d a erk in e le k tro n la r konsentratsiyasi va zaryad zichligi qanday? Bu sonlarni nim a bilan solishtirsa bo'ladi? Misdagi tok zichligi 10A /m m - b o ‘lsa, zaryadlarning o ‘rtac h a tezligi nim aga teng? T em p e ratu ra 300AT bo‘lsa, elektronlarning issiqlik harakatining o 'rta c h a tezligi nimaga teng? 0 ‘tk a z g ic h n in g uzunligi 50km b o ‘lsa, bir elektro n bu yo'lni qancha vaqtda bosib o 'tad i? 12.3. B o r p o stu latla rig a k o ‘ra vodorod ato m in in g asosiy h o latid a elektron protonning atrofida aylanadi va bunda aylanish im puls m om enti h ga teng b o 'lad i. E lektron hosil. qilgan tok kuchini hisoblang. 12.4. V odorod atom ining Bor modelida elektronning aylanish radiusi, tezligi va tezlanishini hisoblang. 12.5. M uhitda j = const bir jinsli tok oqm oqda. Tokning yo ‘lida o ‘lcham lari a b o ‘lgan xayoliy kub turibdi. Kub sirti orqali to ‘liq tokni hisoblang. 1 3 - § . O m q o n u n i. J o u l- L e n s q o n u n i T o k k u c h in in g k u c h la n is h va o ‘tk a z g ic h n in g q arsh ilig ig a b o g ‘- la n ish q o n u n i r = U / R (1 3 .1 ) za n jirn in g b ir q ism i u c h u n O m q o n u n i d e b a ta la d i. B u q o n u n m a k ta b v a k o l l e j la r d a s tu r ig a k i r g a n . 0 ‘q u v c h i l a r m a k t a b la b o ra to riy a la rid a y o q b u q o n u n n in g t o ‘g ‘rilig in i se z g ir v o ltm e tr , a m p e r m e tr a sb o b la ri y o rd a m id a te k s h iris h a d i, b u q o n u n n i q o ‘llab n o m a ’lum q a rsh ilik la m i o ‘lc h a sh a d i. Q o n u n n in g o ‘zi esa so dd alig i b ila n h a y r a td a q o ld ira d i. L ek in b u « sodda» q o n u n n i o c h is h o s o n bo 'lm agan. N e m is o lim i G e o rg O m b u q o n u n n i k a s h f e tis h i b ila n y a k u n - la n g a n iz la n is h la rin i o 'tk a z g a n d a v rd a h ali h e c h q a n d a y e le k tr o i c h o v a sb o b la ri y o ‘q e d i, b u q o n u n d a is h tiro k e ta y o tg a n to k k u c h i, k u c h la n is h , q a rs h ilik d e g a n t u s h u n c h a la r h a m y o ‘q ed i. E le k tr to k in in g borligi u n i m a g n it stre lk a sig a t a ’siri va e le k tro liz jaray o n larig a qarab m a ’lu m b o 'lard i. T o k m an b alari ish o n ch li em asd i. S h u n d a y s h a r o itd a to k n in g n im a g a bogM iqligini izlash k o ‘p y illik m e h n a t , ilm iy s a lo h iy a t, m u h a n d is lik y o n d a s h u v in i ta la b q ila rd i. T o k k u c h in in g n im a g a b o g ‘liqligi h aq id ag i m a ’lu m o tla r b irin c h i b o r ru s o lim i V .P e tro v n in g g alvanik h o d isalarg a b a g ‘ish la n g a n ish id a u c h r a y d i. P e tro v b ir in c h i b o r « Q a rsh ilik » tu s h u n c h a s in i q o 'lla y b o s h la g a n , to k k u c h i o ‘tk a z g ic h n in g k o ‘n d a la n g k e s im ig a te sk a ri m u ta n o s ib e k a n lig in i is b o tla g a n . O m q o n u n ig a y a q in k e lg a n ig a q a r a m a y , P e tro v n in g is h la ri m iq d o riy b a ja rilg a n e m a s d i, to k k u - c h in i u e le k tro liz ja r a y o n in in g in te n s iv lig ig a q a ra b b a h o la r e d i. U n in g is h la rid a k u c h la n is h h a q id a tu s h u n c h a y o ‘q e d i. B u n in g u s tig a 1 8 0 2 -y ild a ru s ti lid a n a s h r e tilg a n b u ilm iy i z l a n i s h l a r Y e v ro p a o lim la r i u c h u n n o m a ’lu m b o 'lib q o lav erd i. G .O m n in g iz la n is h la ri 1 8 1 9 -y ild a G .E rs te d t o m o n id a n e le k tr to k n in g m a g n it s tre lk a g a t a ’s irin i k a s h f e tilg a n d a n k e y in g i d a v rg a te g is h lid ir. O ta s id a n u s ta c h ilik s irla rin i eg a lla g an G e o rg e le k tr to k t a ’s irid a m a g n it s tre lk a n in g b u rilis h b u rc h a g in i k a tta a n iq lik d a o 'lc h a s h im k o n in i b e ru v c h i s e z g ir q u rilm a n i y a r a ta d i. Q u rilm a m a ’lu m d a r a ja d a K u lo n n in g b u ra lm a ta ro z isig a 0 ‘x s h a r e d i. Ilm iy iz la n is h la r j a r a y o n id a to k n in g g a lv a n ik m a n b a la rid a g i b a r q a ro rlik y e tis h m a s lig in i t u s h u n g a n O m , Z e e b e k t o m o n i d a n o c h i l g a n te rm o p a ra la rd a n to k m a n b a i sifatid a fo y d a la n a b osh lay di v a o ‘lch ash v o sita sin in g sezgirligini o s h irib b o ra d i. T o k k u ch i o ‘tk a z g ic h la m in g u z u n lig ig a va k o ‘n d a la n g k e s im ig a b o g M an ish in i, te m p e r a tu r a g a b o g ‘la n is h in i b e h is o b k o ‘p ta jrib a la r d a te k s h ira d i. N i h o y a t to k k u c h in in g h o z irg i til b ila n a y tg a n d a k u c h ia n is h g a t o ‘g ‘ri m u ta n o - sib lig in i, o ‘tk a z g ic h q a rs h ilig ig a te s k a ri m u ta n o s ib lig in i is b o tla b , n a s h r e ta d i. B irin c h i b o r to k k u c h in in g b o s h q a fiz ik m iq d o r la r b ila n m a te m a tik b o g 'la n is h in i ifo d a lo v c h i f u n d a m e n ta l q o n u n a n iq la n d i (1 8 2 6 -y .). L e k in n e m is tilid a n a s h r e tilg a n is h n i fra n s u z , in g liz , is p a n o lim la rig a yetib b o rish i o s o n e m a sd i. B u s o h a d a ish lay o tg an o lim la r u n in g is h la r in i o ‘q ig a n d a n s o ‘n g h a m u la r n i ta n o lis h i o s o n b o ‘lm a d i. C h u n k i G .O m y a r a tg a n s e z g ir o ‘lc h o v v o s ita la rin i y asash o s o n e m asd i. s h u n d a y q ilib , u z o q y illa r m a k ta b o ‘q itu v ch isi b o ‘lg a n o lim n in g b u y u k k a s h fiy o tin in g ilm a h li to m o n id a n ta n o lin is h i d e y a rli 20 yilga c h o ‘zilib k e td i. G .O m b u tu n u m rin i ilm riv o jig a b a g 'is h la g a n o lim la rn in g y o rq in tim so lid ir. O m q o n u n i K u lo n , A m p e r va F a r a d e y q o n u n l a r i b ila n b irg a lik d a e le k tr o m a g n e tiz m n in g e k s p e rm e n ta l a so s la rin i ta sh k il e ta d i. In g liz o lim i J .G e n ri O m n in g ishi h a q id a b u n d a y y o zg a n ed i: «O m n azariyasini birinchi b or o ‘qiganim da, u zu lm atga t o ‘lgan x o n a n i birdan yoritgan y a sh in ga o ‘xsh ad i». O m n in g is h la rid a n m in n a t d o r boM gan a v lo d la r u n in g q o n u n in i va q a rs h ilik b irlig in i u n in g n o m i b ila n a ta s h d i. O y n in g o rq a to m o n id a g i k ra te rla rn in g b irig a O m n o m i b e rild i. B u k r a te r a tro f id a g i n u r k a b i ra d ia l c h iz iq la ri b ila n m a s h h u r, k a tta lig i esa K o p e rn ik k ra te rid a n q o - lish m a y d i. K u lo n q o n u n ig a k o ‘ra d o im iy elek tr m a y d o n id a e rk in z a ry a d la r te z la n u v c h a n h a ra k a tla n is h i k erak . O m q o n u n i esa d o im iy e le k tr m a y d o n d a o ‘tk a z g ic h la rd a g i z a ry a d la r d o im iy tezlik b ila n h a r a k a t- la n is h in i k o ‘rsa ta d i. S h u n in g u c h u n m o d d a ic h id a g i z a ry a d la rn in g h a r a k a tin i ish q a la n is h m a v ju d b o M ganida d o im iy k u c h t a ’sirid a g i h a r a k a t b ila n s o lish tiris h m u m k in . Q a rs h ilik [Л] = V / A = Q (O m ) b irlig id a o M ch an adi. T e x n ik q u rilm a la rd a tu rli e le m e n tla rn i b irla sh tirish u c h u n ju d a k ic h ik q a rsh ilik k a eg a boM gan o ‘tk a z g ic h la r, k e ra k li jo y la rd a esa k a tta q a rsh ilik k a ega boMgan o ‘tk a z g ic h la r, te x n ik tild a q arsh ilik lar, r e z is to r la r ish la tila d i. Q a s h ilik la r d o im iy va o ‘z g a ru v c h a n boM ishi m u m k in . 13.1- ra sm d a ra d io te x n ik a d a qoM lan ilad ig an tu rli q a r s h i lik la r ta s v irla n g a n . 13.1-rasm. • -щ Q a rs h ilik o ctk a z g ic h n in g a s o s iy e le k tr x a r a k te ris tik a s i boM ib, u n in g g e o m e tr ik o M c h a m la rig a bogM iqdir. J u m la d a n q arsh ilik o ‘tk azg ic h k o ‘n d a - lan g k e s im ig a te sk a ri m u ta n o s ib lig in i O m q o n u n id a n k e ltirib c h iq a r a m iz . B iro n o 'tk a z g ic h u c h u n I l = U / R i b o M s in . I k k i n c h i h u d d i s h u n d a y 0 ‘tk azg ic h olib, b irin c h i o 'tk a z g ic h g a p arallel ulaylik. B u n d a o ‘tk a z - g ic h la r n in g k o ‘n d a la n g k e sim i h a m , to k k u c h i h a m ik k i m a r ta o rta d i: 2 /, = 2 U / R{ . B u n d a n o ‘tk a z g ic h la r q a rs h ilig i k o ‘n d a la n g k esim ig a tesk ari m u ta n o sib lig i kelib c h iq a d i. O m q o n u n i y o r d a m id a o ‘tk a z g ic h q a rs h ilig i u n in g u z u n lig ig a m u ta n o s ib lig in i h a m is b o tla s h m u m k in . B u n in g u c h u n b o s h la n - g ‘ic h o ‘tk a z g ic h g a (Л ,) k e tm a - k e t y a n a s h u n d a y o ‘tk a z g ic h u la y lik, o 'tk a z g ic h ikki m a r ta u z u n ro q b o ‘lsin. Ikki o 'tk a z g ic h d a n ib o ra t z a n jirg a u la n g a n p o te n s ia lla r fa rq in i (k u c h la n is h n i) h a m ikki m a r ta o sh ira y lik . B u n d a h a r b ir o ‘tk a z g ic h d a g i k u c h la n is h b o sh lan g M ch k u c h la n ish g a te n g b o 'lib , O m q o n u n ig a k o ‘ra to k h a m boshlangM ch q iy m a tin i sa q la b q o la d i. Ikki o ‘tk a z g ic h d a n ib o r a t z a n jir u c h u n O m q o n u n in i y o z sa k , to k o 'z g a rm a s lig i u c h u n q a r s h ilik h a m ikki m a r ta o s h a d i d e b h is o b la s h kerak: /, = (2U ) / ( 2 R l ) . S h u n d a y q ilib , o ‘tk a z g ic h la r k e tm a - k e t u la n g a n d a , u la r n in g u z u n lik la ri q o ‘sh ilib , u m u m iy q a rsh ilik h a m sh u n g a m o s ra v ish d a o r ta r ek an . N a tija la m i u m u m la s h tir ib y o z sa k , R = p ! / S (13.2) boM adi. M u ta n o s ib lik k o effitsiy e n ti p — s o lis h tirm a q a rs h ilik d e b a ta la d i, u n in g b irlig i Q . m . S o lis h tirm a q a r s h ilik b ila n b ir q a to r d a o ‘tk a z u v c h a n lik koeffitsiyenti a = 1 / p h a m qoM laniladi. Q iy in c h ilik s h u n d a k i, s o lis h tirm a q a rs h ilik belg isi z a r y a d la r z ic h lig i b elg isi b ila n , o ‘tk a z u v c h a n lik k o e ffits iy e n ti b e lg isi z a r y a d la r n in g s irt z ic h lig i belgisi b ila n m o s k e la d i. S h u n g a q a r a m a y ilm iy va o 'q u v a d a b iy o tid a b u n d a y b e lg ila s h la r qoM laniladi. S o lis h tir m a q a r s h ilik o ‘tk a z g ic h n in g ta b ia tig a bogM iq. T u rli m a te r ia lla r u c h u n s o lis h tirm a q a rs h ilik 0 ‘lc h a n g a n boM ib, b u n d a y m a M u m o tla r ja d v a lla r g a y o z ilg a n . J a d v a ld a m e ta lla r s o lis h tir m a q a rsh ilig i k ic h ik lig i ( o ‘tk a z u v c h a n lik k o e ffitsiy e n ti k a tta lig i) b ila n a jra lib tu r a d i. D ie le k tr ik la r n in g s o lis h tir m a q a rs h ilig i m e ta lla m i- k id a n deyarli 1020 m a rta k a tta . S o lis h tirm a q arshilig i o ra liq q iy m atg a eg a boM gan m o d d a la r — y a rim o ‘tk a z g ic h la r d e b a ta la d i (m a s a la n — g ra fit) . Material p,(Q m) Material Oltin Kumush Mis Alyuminiy Temir Rux Nikel Nikelin 2.2 10 s 1.58 108 1.68 10-“ 2.7 10“ 9.9 10-“ 5.95 lO* 7.3 10-“ 4.2 10-“ Qo‘rg‘oshin Grafit Polistirol Rezina Shisha Tekstolit Ebon it Qahrabo 2.07 10-7 (4-5) 10-5 5 1012—5 • 10-‘s 4 • 10" 109 1012 3 1012 1016 10 '" O m q o n u n in in g (1 3 .1 ) in te g ra l s h a k lid a n ta s h q a ri q u y id a g i d iffe re n sia l sh a k li h a m m av ju d : j = о Ё . (13.3) B u ten g lik z a ry a d la rn in g h a ra k a ti elek tr m a y d o n b ila n b o g ‘liq lig in i, to k n in g y o ‘n a lis h i m a y d o n y o 'n a lis h i b ila n m o s k e lis h in i y a q q o l k o ‘rsa tib tu rib d i. (13.3) b ila n (1 3 .1 ) n in g b ir-b irig a ek v iv ale n tlig in i k o ‘rsatish u c h u n (13.3) te n g lik n in g ikki to m o n in i S y u z a v e k to rig a k o 'p a y tira y lik , b u v e k to r j ga p a ra lle l b o ‘lsin. U n d a te n g lik n in g c h a p to m o n i to k k u c h in i b e ra d i: / = j S , o ‘ng to m o n i esa: a S E E = - А с р / 1 b o g ‘la n is h d a n fo y d a la n sa k : I = - { c j S / l)Acp = - A c p / R . K u c h la n is h b il a n p o te n s i a l l a r fa rq i U = -Acp t a r z d a bogM iq. S h u n d a y q ilib (1 3 .3 ) d a n (1 3 .1 ) k e ltirib c h iq a rild i. O m q o n u n i k e tm a - k e t u la n g a n q a r s h ilik la rn in g u m u m iy q a r - sh ilig in i ta jrib a g a m u r o ja a t q ilm a s d a n h is o b la s h im k o n in i b e ra d i. K e tm a - k e t u la n g a n o ‘tk a z g ic h la r d a n b ir xil to k o ‘ta d i , s h u n i h iso b g a o lib , b a r c h a o 'tk a z g ic h la r u c h u n O m q o n u n in i y o z a m iz : и х = щ , u 2 = i r 2, u n = IRn. T e n g la m a la rn in g c h a p va o ‘n g to m o n la rin i m o s ra v is h d a q o ‘sh ib y u b o rsa k : B u n d a n k e tm a - k e t u la n g a n o ‘tk a z g ic h la rn in g u m u m iy q a rs h ilig i u la r n in g q a r s h ilik la rin in g y ig ‘in d is id a n ib o ra tlig i kelib c h iq a d i: R = Rl + R 2 +... + Rn . (13.4) S h u n i y a n a b ir b o ra t a ’k id la b o ‘tis h k e ra k k i, o 'tk a z g ic h l a r k e tm a - k e t u l a n g a n d e b (1 4 .4 ) f o r m u la n i q o ‘lla sh u c h u n u l a r o rq a li b ir xil to k o ‘tis h i kerak . P a ra lle l u la n g a n o ‘tk a z g ic h la rn in g u m u m iy q a rs h ilig in i iz la - g a n d a , u la r p a ra lle l u la n g a n i u c h u n u la rd a g i k u c h la n is h la r te n g lig i y o rd a m b e ra d i. N a tija v iy q arsh ilik u c h u n q u y id ag i ifo d a o lin a d i: 1 1 1 1 R ~ R{ + R 2 + " ' + R„ <13-5> B u q o id a la r k o ‘p m a s a la la rd a z a n jir n in g u m u m iy q a rs h ilig in i v a u m u m iy to k n i h is o b la s h im k o n iy a tin i y a r a ta d i. T e x n ik a d a p a ra lle l h a m , k e tm a - k e t h a m b o ‘lm a g a n u la n is h la r u c h r a s h i m u m k in . B u n d a y h o lla rd a u m u m iy q a rs h ilik n i to p is h d a q u y id a g i ta v s iy a la r y o rd a m b e ra d i: • U m u m iy q a rs h ilik u m u m iy to k n i to p is h m a q s a d id a h is o b la n a d i, s h u n in g u c h u n z a n jir d a to k la r q a n d a y o ‘tis h in i o ‘rg a n in g ; • Z a n j i r s im m e tr iy a s i tu fa y li z a n jir n in g tu rli n u q t a l a r id a p o te n s ia l b ir xil b o ‘lsa, u la rn i b irla s h tirib , s h u n in g h is o b ig a z a n - jirn i s o d d a la s h tiris h m u m k in . B u n d a y b irla s h tiris h to k la rn i o ‘zg a r- tirm a s lig i k e ra k ; • Z a n jird a g i b iro n o ‘tk a z g ic h d a n to k o 'tm a s lig i m a ’lu m boMsa, b u o ‘tk a z g ic h n i z a n jird a n c h iq a rib (u z ib ) ta s h la s h m u m k in , b u n d a to k la r o ‘z g a rm a y d i. M a s a la . L u z u n lik d a g i o ‘tk a z g ic h n in g k o ‘n d a la n g k e sim i S ( l ) q o n u n b o ‘y ic h a o ‘zg a ra d i. 0 ‘tk a z g ic h n in g q a rs h ilig in i h is o b la n g . Y echim . 0 ‘t k a z g ic h n in g d l u z u n lik d a g i k ic h ik e l e m e n ti n i o la y lik , u n in g q a rs h ilig i p d l / S { f ) , u m u m iy q a rs h ilik k e tm a - k e t 1 dl u la s h q o id a s i b o ‘y ic h a R = p j - ^ щ § a te n 8- J o u l- L e n s q o n u n i. 0 ‘tk a z g ic h n in g ikki n u q ta si o ra sid a U = A p o t e n s i a l l a r f a r q i b o ‘ls a , z a r y a d la r b u n u q t a l a r n in g o r a s id a n o ‘tg a n d a e le k tr m a y d o n i А = UQ = UI At (1 3 .6 ) ish b a ja ra d i. B a ja rilg a n ish tu fa y li e le k tr m a y d o n in in g e n e rg iy a si e n e rg iy a n in g b o s h q a s h a k lla rig a o ‘ta d i, b irin c h i n a v b a td a issiq lik e n e rg is ig a , a y rim h o l la r d a (e le k tr d v ig a te lla rid a ) — m e x a n ik eneigiyaga. V aq t birligida b ajarilad ig an ish, y a ’n i q u w a t q u y id ag ich a ifo d ala n ad i: P = UI. (13.7) E n e rg iy a o 'tk a z g ic h d a n a jra lib c h iq a y o tg a n b o 'ls a , O m q o n u n in i q o 'lla b , q u w a t u c h u n q u y id a g i fo r m u la n i to p a m iz : P = I 2R. (13.8) J o u l ta jrib a la r id a e le k tr e n e rg iy a s in in g issiq lik k a a y la n is h i te k s h i- rilib , a y n a n s h u b o g 'la n is h : ajra lib c h iq a y o tg a n issiq lik m iq d o ri to k k u c h in in g k v a d r a tig a m u ta n o s ib lig i to p ilg a n e d i. Is siq lik m o d d a n in g ic h k i h a ra k a tin in g o 'lc h o v i e k a n lig i s h u kabi ta jrib a la r natijasid a isb o tlan g an edi. 0 ‘tk a z g ic h n in g birlik h a jm id a ajralib c h iq a y o tg a n p issiq lik ning q u w a tin i h iso b lay lik . (13.7) ifo d a n i V = /5 h a jm g a b o ‘lib y u b o rsa k , U /l= E va I / S —j b o g ‘la n is h la m i h is o b g a o lg a n h o ld a , q u y id a g i n atijag a kelam iz: P = jE . (13.9) O m q o n u n i (1 3 .3 ) ni q o ‘llasak: p = o E 1 = j 2 / a . (13.10) (1 3 .9 ) b irlik h a jm u c h u n e le k tr m a y d o n in in g t o ‘liq q u w a ti n i ifo d a la sa , (1 3 .1 0 ) — issiq lik q u w a tin i ifo d a la y d i. K o ‘p h o lla rd a u la r te n g b o ‘ladi. E le k tr d v ig a te lla r id a n o 't a y o t g a n to k k a m a g n it m a y d o n n in g h a m t a ’siri b o ‘la d i, u n d a y h o ld a O m q o n u n i b a ja rilm a y d i. E le k tr q u w a t i n i n g s a rfi P = U I b o 'l g a n i h o ld a , a jra lib c h iq a y o tg a n issiq lik q u w a t i I 2R b o s h la n g ‘ic h q u w a tn i n g b i r q is m i b o ‘la d i, q u w a tn i n g q o lg a n q is m i e le k tr o d v ig a te ln in g fo y d a li (m e x a n ik ) q u w a t i b o ‘la d i: N = U I - I 2R. (13-10) F o y d a li is h k o e f fits iy e n ti ( F I K ) q u y id a g i n is b a t b ila n i f o d a la n a d i: E le k tr d v ig a te ld a F I K k a tta r o q boM ishi u c h u n u n in g a k tiv q a rs h ilig i R ilo ji b o r ic h a k ic h ik ro q b o ‘lish i k erak . T o k o d d iy o ‘tk a z g ic h d a n o ‘tsa, F I K n olg a ten g boMadi, b a rc h a q u w a t issiqlikka a y la n a d i. Download 48 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
|