Some practice in translation

Usage plays an important part in translating Orders and Instructions.
Commit no nuisance – Останавливаться воспрещается.
Usage is closely linked with the History and Development of the Language, of its Lexical System. Hence every language creates peculiar Clichés, Ready-Made Formulae. They are never violated by the introduction of additional words or by the substitution of their components.
Translation of Mono-semantic Words: Mono-semantic words are comparatively few in number and the bulk of English words are poly-semantic. English mono-semantic words usually have full equivalents in Russian. There are the following lexical groups of mono-semantic words: 1. proper names, 2. geographical names, 3. names of the months and the days of the week, 4. numerals, and 5. some scientific and technological terms, 6. names of the streets, 7. names of hotels, 8. names of sports and games, 9. names of periodicals, 10. names of institutions and organizations.
The group of mono-semantic words presents considerable variety because of its heterogeneous character.
Rendering of Proper Names in Translation: The function of Proper name is purely Nominative. They help to distinguish a person, a pet or a place, to recognize them as unique. Thus they have only Nominal Meaning and are designated by a capital letter.
There are 2 ways of rendering Proper Names in translation: Transcription and Translation.
Transcription is now universally accepted: Mary – Мэри. Phonetic peculiarities, however, sometimes interfere and modify this principle by causing certain departures, e.g. the name of the well-known novelist Iris Murdoch is rendered with the inserted letter and sound “p” – Айрис Мэрдок.