Some practice in translation

Phraseological Collocations	Phraseological Collocations are motivated word combinations but they are made up of words possessing specific lexical valency which accounts for a certain degree of stability in such word groups. They are translated by corresponding Collocations in Russian, e.g. to make faces – строить рожи; to make amends – приносить свои извинения; to make a fortune – составить состояние; to make a bed – застелить постель; to make allowances – делать скидку. As seen from the above examples it is always the key word which determines the choice of the Russian verb. Lexical transformations can be reduced to five distinct types which have a purely Linguistic Basis. These 5 types are the following: Concretization, Generalization, Antonymic translation, Metonymic translation, Paraphrasing.
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	Phraseological Fusions	Phraseological units are usually classified into 3 big groups: phraseological Fusions, phraseological Unities and phraseological Collocations. Phraseological fusions are non-motivated groups forming indivisible wholes both semantically and syntactically. Their meaning in Modern English does not depend on the meaning of the component elements. They seldom, if ever, have equivalents in the SL and TL and are usually rendered by Interpreting translation or by Paraphrasing, e.g. to paint the lily – пытаться улучшить или украсить что-л., нуждающееся в улучшении или украшении; заниматься бесплодным делом; тратить время или силы попусту. To show the white feather – струсить, проявить трусость. The meaning of a Phraseological Fusion may naturally be rendered by different synonyms, e.g. to go the whole hog – делать что-л. основательно, проводить до конца, не останавливаться на полумерах, идти на все.