Стилистика тилшуносликнинг ажралмас қисми бўлиб, у бадиий нутқнинг ифодаланиш услублари, уларнинг таъсирчанлиги ва умуман инсон нутқини ўрганадиган фандир


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стилистика

Slang. Some linguists consider that slang is the kernal of colloquial speech. The definition of slang is diversive but still by slang we mean words which are used to create fresh names for some things. Sometimes slang words are vulgar and cynical. The most important point is that by slang we mean informal words and expressions.
There are following slang words for money, beans, lolly, brass, dibs, dough, clink, off, wads; for head: attic, brain pen, hat» peg, nut, upper storey; for drunk: cock-eyed, high.
We distinguish teenager slang, university slang, public school slang etc. Here are some examples from prison slang: trusties, runners, prisoners entrusted with the performance of certain minor functions pertaining to prison life; the "manners" gallery, section of the prison where convicts are instructed in the rules of the prison life (manners); second story man, burglar.
Slang used in colloquial speech has a great expressive force. For example, the word "drag" used as a slang denotes everything that is dull, uninteresting, slow and difficult to do: "It's a long drag", about a dull and long journey"; "What a drag it is to have to get up early"; "It's a drag" (about relatives).
The functions of slang in the written lexis may be the following: to characterize the speech of the person, to produce a special impression and humorous effect. Here are some more examples of slang which have this effect: bread-basket (the stomach): to do a flit (to quit one's flat at night without paying the rent or board); cradle-snatcher (an old man who marries or courts a much younger woman); window-shopping (feasting one's eyes on the goods displayed in the shops, without buying anything); a big head (a boaster); go crackers (go mad); belt up (keep silence); I'll send you an odd-bob (I'll send you a shilling).
The problem with learning slang is that it goes out of date very quickly. Expressions like 'groovy' or 'far out' may have been popular in the sixties but if you used those expressions today people would probably laugh at you. Yuppie may not be popular in a few years' time, but it is a frequently used word at the moment. Students at a London college try lo explain what it means:
Young, upwardly-mobile professional!"
"Young, professional, social climber; someone who is really going through all the correct channels. Someone who has got his life planned for the next twenty years; someone very dull and very methodical, probably lives in Clapham or Wandsworth.
—"Young, upwardly-mobile professional who is more concerned with owning a Porsche by the time he is twenty-five than getting married",
—"Young, urban, professional, materialistic, conservative stockbrokers, merchant bankers.
—"Young, urban, professional; trendy, keeps up with today's fads, fashions, that sort of thing"
Thus yuppie means "young and upwardly-mobile" (meaning "getting richer"). But most people would agree yuppie means: Young, Urban, and Professional (urban means living in a city). A yuppie is the kind of person who owns a smart and expensive car, like a Golf GTI or a Porsche; someone who has a good job and whose ambition is lo get richer; a social climber — who wants to own the right things and live in the right part of town, to create an image of occupying a certain place in society. (from "Mozaika").

ОҒЗАКИ НУТҚ ЛЕКСИКАСИ


Умумистеъмолдагилексика. Ўзбектилитаркибидагисўзларнингасосийқисминиумумистеъмолдагисўзларташкилэтади. Умумистеъмолдагилексикагаоидсўзларнингкўпчиликқисмиумумтуркийваўзбекчасўзларданиборат. Буларорасидабиртақлидсўзлари (ялт-юлт, шивир-шивир), талаффузборасидатурлиўзгаришгаучраганқисқартиришлар(опта(олибди), кепти(келибди), чечмоқ(ечмоқ, рустиливарустилиорқалибошқатилларданўзлашгансўзлардўхтир(доктор), матацикл(мо­тоцикл), маладес(молодец), прасан(процент), мелиса(милиция) каби) никўплабучратамиз.
Кўринадики, умумистеъмолдагисўзларэнгаввало, юқоридаайтилганидек, асосанўзбектилинингўзигахосёкиумумтуркийсўзларданиборатбўлади. Шунингдек, арабвафорс-тожиктиллариданҳамдарустилиданўзлашгансўзлароғзакинутқлексикасиданкенгўринолади: кафгир, даста, паншаха, муаллим, домла, мачит, солдат, армиякабилар.
Оғзакинутқ лексикасинингўзигахосянабирхусусиятиуларнингасосанмаълумбиртовушўзгаришлари (фонетикўзгаришлар —товуштушиши, товушорттирилиши, товушалмашинишикабилар) биланайтилиши, қўлланишидир: супра(сурпа), киприк(кирпик), ёмғир(ёғмир), бетта-бўтта(буерда), истикон(стакан), боққа,тоққа(боғга, тоғга) кабилар.
Бусўзларнингбадиийасарлардашуўзгарганшакллардақўлланишиасарбадиийлиганиоширади, образларнитўлашакллантиришгаёрдамберади. Персонажнутқимаълумки, асартилинингхалқчиллигинитаъминлайдивашуйўлбиланасарнингтаъсирчанлигинивужудгакелтиради, Сизгаёлғон, худогачин, жонимўргилсин, бирзамонтеразаданмўраласам, бируйхотин, эркакаралаш! Жонимҳиқэтди-ю, халқумимгакелдитурди, ўргилай. Худокўрсатмасин, агаруларингизбирайнабберсаборми? "Олам гулистон деяверинг". Тағинам чидаганга чиқарганакан, бўлмаса, ҳаммамиз адойи тамом бўлдик, денг-а!" каби.

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