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The teaching of Language skills and Language Components


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Teaching English as a Foreign Language

The teaching of Language skills and Language Components 
 
Related to the teaching of language, we are familiar with the term ‘language skills’ and ‘language 
components.’ Language skills consist of listening, speaking, reading and writing. Listening and reading 
are usually grouped into receptive skills, and speaking and writing are seen as productive skills. Language 
components consist of pronunciation, which includes stress, rhythm, and intonation, grammar or 
structure, and vocabulary.
In TEFL, teachers may intend to target specifically one skill or one component to teach. However, in 
reality the teaching of one skill or component can never be isolated from other skills and components. 
When teaching listening, for example, teachers often ask students to speak to check whether they can 
listen certain materials, and when speaking, a student needs to apply their ability in pronunciation, 
vocabulary and grammar. Hence, the teachers and students cannot avoid entirely other skills and 
components.
Approaches, Methods, and Techniques 
The trio of terms which I am attempting to re-locate in the scheme of definitions are approach, 
method, and technique. According to Anthony (1963), the arrangement is hierarchical. The organizational 
key is that techniques carry out a method which is consistent with an approach. The definitions are 
offered with some diffidence - there are many roads to Nirvana - , and this is certainly not the only route. 


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Not every aspect of language teaching has been referred to this framework. It is quite possible that 
modifications and refinements are desirable. 
First, let us take up the term approach. I view an approach, any approach, as a set of correlative 
assumptions dealing with the nature of language and the nature of language teaching and learning. An 
approach is axiomatic. It describes the nature of the subject matter to be taught. It states a point of view, a 
philosophy, an article of faith - something which one believes but cannot necessarily prove. It is often 
unarguable except in terms of the effectiveness of the methods which grow out of it. 
Let me illustrate by citing the essentials of the aural-oral approach as I see them, not to advocate them 
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