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Teaching English as a Foreign Language
Uraian Materi
INTRODUCTION: TEACHING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE This chapter presents basic terms related to the teaching of English, the discussion of teaching language skills and components, and language-centered, learning-centered, and learner-centered methods. Understanding Basic Terms Fachrurrazy (2011) states that it is important for anyone who wants to learn methods in teaching English to know basic terms in the field. Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) refers to teaching English to students whose first language is not English. TEFL usually occurs in the student's own country, either within the state school system, or in private institutions. TEFL teachers may be native or non-native speakers of English. TEFL may also refer to a particular methodology for teaching people whose first language is not English, but who need to learn it for work or choose to learn it for leisure. These students may be adults or children. They may be paying for the courses themselves, or their employers or parents are paying for them. Many of them are highly motivated and literate, and already have an aptitude for languages. However, many others are not really motivated because they do not really like learning English. They learn English because certain situations force them to learn. In this situation, English teachers need to motivate them by engaging them in joyful learning environment. TEFL methodology is highly developed and the most up-to-date training courses turn out teachers who use a communicative approach and a student-centered style of teaching. In these key respects, TEFL courses are different from the way English is taught in most mainstream compulsory education. To understand TEFL methodology, we should familiarize ourselves with some basic terms, such as, first, second, and foreign language. First language is a language that is firstly learned by children after they are born. First language is often called mother tongue, native tongue or L1. The term ‘mother tongue’ is used to refer to the language used by the mother of a child which is often firstly learned by the new-born baby. ‘Native tongue’ is used to refer to the language used by people surrounding by the child. It is assumed that the language that is firstly learned by the baby is the language used by people around the baby. L1 means first language that is the language firstly learned by the child. A child who is born in Java from Javanese parents who speak Javanese in their daily life possibly has Javanese as his/her first language. He/she learns Javanese for the first time. Javanese is her/his mother tongue because his/her mother speaks Javanese. Javanese is also his/her native tongue since people around him/her speak Javanese, too. Second language is the language learned by a child after the first language. The Javanese child whose first language is Javanese might have Bahasa Indonesia as his/her second language. Second language implies the use of the language in a more formal occasion, such as, as the medium of instruction. In Singapore, Malaysia, India, the Philippines, Kenya, and Nigeria, English is considered as a second language. In those countries, English is used as a national language and used widely in the countries. digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id 10 Foreign language is a language acquired and spoken by a person after the first and second language. The language is not used in daily life of the society where the person lives. For the Javanese child whose first language is Javanese and who lives in Java, English is a foreign language. In Java and Indonesia, in general, English is not spoken in daily life. Other terms related to TEFL are ENL, ESL and EFL. ENL is English as a native language. ENL is found in the United Kingdom, the U.S., Australia, and New Zealand. ESL stands for English as a second language. ESL exists in Singapore, Malaysia, India, Brunei, and the Philippines. EFL, which is English as a foreign language, can be found in Indonesia, Thailand, Japan, China, Korea, Argentina and some other countries. In relation to the teaching of English, we also have other abbreviations, such as, TEFL, TESL, TESOL, TEYL, and TEFLIN. TEFL stands for teaching English as a foreign language. TESL is abbreviation of teaching English as a second language. Another term that may be used in the context of TESL is TEAL (Teaching English as an Additional Language). TESOL is teaching English to speakers of other languages. TESOL is often used to mean the same thing as TEFL, but it is also used to describe English language teaching to people living in an English speaking country who are not native English speakers – such as refugees and first generation immigrants. In the UK, ESOL courses provide students with a level of English that will allow them to integrate into the country’s educational, work and cultural environment. There may be a need to teach basic literacy and other life skills as well. TEYL is teaching English for young learners. TEFLIN is teaching English as a foreign language in Indonesia. TEFLIN is an association of English teachers in Indonesia. It conducts annual international conference in Indonesia and publishes TEFLIN Journal, an English teaching journal. Download 1.05 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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