Task – ‘Open-source’ task. Theory – 10 point task – a ‘Open-source’ task. Find/identify main postulates of given great thinker/scholar [from Martin Griffiths

michael walzer
Michael Walzer is a political theorist and philosopher who has made significant contributions to the field of international relations (IR) through his works on just war theory and the ethics of military intervention.
The main postulates of Walzer's thought can be summarized as follows:

1. 
   Just War Theory: Walzer argues that wars can only be considered just if they meet certain criteria such as just cause, right intention, last resort, and proportionality.
   
2. 
   The Ethics of Military Intervention: Walzer asserts that military intervention is justifiable in certain circumstances, such as to protect innocent civilians from mass atrocities or to defend against aggression. However, he stresses that the intervener must have a just cause and must take measures to minimize harm to non-combatants.
   
3. 
   Pluralism and the Multi-Layered Moral Structure of Society: Walzer argues that societies are composed of multiple moral communities with distinct values and norms, and that there can be no universal moral framework that applies to all societies.
   

An illustration of Walzer's ideas in practice can be seen in the NATO intervention in Kosovo in 1999. NATO intervened to stop the ethnic cleansing and mass atrocities committed by Serbian forces against Kosovar Albanians. This intervention can be considered as meeting Walzer's criteria for a just war, as it had a just cause (protection of innocent civilians), right intention (to stop mass atrocities), and proportionality (limited military means used).
Another example is the Iraq War in 2003, which many argue did not meet Walzer's criteria for a just war as it lacked a clear just cause and proportionality.

Martin wight
Martin Wight was a British scholar who made significant contributions to the field of international relations (IR) through his writings on the tradition of political thought in IR.
The main postulates of Wight's thought can be summarized as follows:

1. 
   The Traditions of Political Thought: Wight argued that there are four traditions of political thought in IR - Realism, Rationalism, Revolutionism, and Moralism - each with their own distinct values and assumptions about international relations.
   
2. 
   The Balance of Power: Wight emphasized the importance of the balance of power in IR, arguing that it is a key mechanism for maintaining peace and stability in the international system.
   
3. 
   The Role of Ideas in IR: Wight emphasized the role of ideas in shaping state behavior and international relations. He argued that ideas can influence state behavior and that IR is not simply a reflection of material interests.
   

An illustration of Wight's ideas in practice can be seen in the way in which different traditions of political thought have shaped the foreign policies of states throughout history. For example, Realist states might prioritize national security and the maintenance of the balance of power, while Moralist states might prioritize the promotion of human rights and the advancement of international law.
Another example is the influence of the ideas of Revolutionism on the behavior of revolutionary states like the Soviet Union. Wight would argue that the revolutionary ideas of the Soviet Union shaped its behavior in IR and that this was a key factor in its foreign policy during the Cold War.