Thailand: Financial System Stability Assessment; imf country Report No. 19/308; September 10, 2019
INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND Table 1. Thailand: Summary Compliance with the Basel Core Principles (continued)
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- Principle 2 Independence, Accountability, Resourcing, and Legal Protection for Supervisors
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INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND Table 1. Thailand: Summary Compliance with the Basel Core Principles (continued) role in the banking system since the BoT may be perceived as having full supervisory powers over the SFIs. This weakness has been considered in the assessment of CP 2. Thai banks have not challenged the non-binding nature of the BoT’s guidance and have complied with all recommendations imposed by the BoT examiners based on this guidance. Banks also expressed overall satisfaction to the assessors with the consultation process and timelines. Based on the discussions of this CP, the assessors suggest that, where appropriate, the BoT should publish response papers to consultations on important notifications instead of, or in addition to, attaching questions and answers to the relevant notification. This would give the BoT an opportunity to better explain its policy positions in writing. It would also further strengthen the international standing of the BoT in the regulatory community, clarify and give more prominence to BoT policy positions. Principle 2 Independence, Accountability, Resourcing, and Legal Protection for Supervisors Comments The process for the appointment and removal of the governor and the members of the FIPC is transparent, and the BoT has adequate resources for the conduct of effective supervision and appropriate training plans. Discussions with supervisors and banks confirmed that BoT staff has credibility based on their professionalism and integrity. The BoT regularly benchmarks its salary scales to the market and has sufficient funding to cover overseas inspections and training. The legal framework for banking supervision includes adequate legal protection for the supervisors. While the assessors have not observed any objective evidence of lack of independence of the BoT, there are some factors that have the potential to interfere with the BoT's operational independence: • First, the permanent presence of the Director General of the FPO on the FIPC is not in accordance with international good practice. The FIPC is a decision-making body. The BoT clarified that the presence of the Director General of the FPO contributes to checks and balances and facilitates BoT’s actions during a crisis. The assessors agree that there is an obligation to explain to the government the impact of the BoT’s activities (external accountability), but there are other mechanisms than participation in a decision-making body to achieve this objective. A well-designed system of accountability supports independence. The assessors consider that the membership of the FIPC could be expanded during crisis situations or if the FPO needs to be involved, or other coordinating structures could be used. • Second, the presence of the Secretary-General of the Insurance Commission and the Secretary-General of the Securities and Exchange on the FIPC, and their participation in decisions also compromises operational independence and dilutes accountability. The assessors understand that this was decided to ensure better coordination between the agencies. Yet, the direct involvement of officials from other agencies in the BoT decision making is not good practice. • Third, Section 42 of the BoT Act affects the independence of the BoT, risks political interference in the BoT and implies government underwriting of ELA. It requires that when a financial institution faces a liquidity problem, which may seriously endanger the stability of the economic and monetary system, the BoT, after approval of the FIPC and the Cabinet may approve the granting of a loan or financial assistance to that financial institution. Section 42 is likely to be used if a D-SIB requires ELA. |
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