The Common European Framework in its political and educational context What is the Common European Framework?

Production. The user/learner produces a spoken or written text, received, often at a distance, by one
or more listeners or readers, who are not called upon to reply. 
1.1.
Speaking
(listener)

USER
→ sound waves → Listener

(listener)
1.2.
Writing
(reader)

USER
→ written text → Reader

(reader)
2.
Reception. The user/learner receives a text from one or more speakers or writers, again often at a dis-
tance, and is not called upon to reply. 
2.1.
Listening
(speaker) 
Speaker
→ sound waves → USER

(speaker)
2.2.
Reading
(writer) 
Writer
→ written text → USER

(writer)
Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment
98

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3.
Interaction. The user/learner enters into a face-to-face dialogue with an interlocutor. The text of the
dialogue consists of utterances respectively produced and received by each party in alternation. 
USER
↔
discourse
↔
Interlocutor
USER
→
Text 1.
→
interlocutor
USER
←
Text 2.
←
interlocutor
USER
→
Text 3.
→
interlocutor
USER
←
Text 4.
←
interlocutor
etc.
4.
Mediation covers two activities.
4.1.
Translation. The user/learner receives a text from a speaker or writer, who is not present, in one
language or code (Lx) and produces a parallel text in a different language or code (Ly) to be received by
another person as listener or reader at a distance.