The Common European Framework in its political and educational context What is the Common European Framework?
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- Interlocutor (Lx) ↔ discourse (Lx) ↔ USER ↔ discourse (Ly) ↔ Interlocutor (Ly) Interlocutor (Lx) → Text (Lx1) → USER
- USER
Writer (Lx)
→ text (in Lx) → USER → text (in Ly) → Reader (Ly) 4.2. Interpretation. The user/learner acts as an intermediary in a face-to-face interaction between two interlocutors who do not share the same language or code, receiving a text in one language (Lx) and producing a corresponding text in the other (Ly). Interlocutor (Lx) ↔ discourse (Lx) ↔ USER ↔ discourse (Ly) ↔ Interlocutor (Ly) Interlocutor (Lx) → Text (Lx1) → USER → Text (Ly1) → Interlocutor (Ly) Interlocutor (Lx) ← Text (Lx2) ← USER ← Text (Ly2) ← Interlocutor (Ly) Interlucutor (Lx) → Text (Lx3) → USER → Text (Ly3) → Interlocutor (Ly) Interlocutor (Lx) ← Text (Lx4) ← USER ← Text (Ly4) ← Interlocutor (Ly) etc. In addition to interaction and mediation activities as defined above, there are many activ- ities in which the user/learner is required to produce a textual response to a textual stim- ulus. The textual stimulus may be an oral question, a set of written instructions (e.g. an examination rubric), a discursive text, authentic or composed, etc. or some combination of these. The required textual response may be anything from a single word to a three- hour essay. Both input and output texts may be spoken or written and in L1 or L2. The relation between the two texts may be meaning-preserving or not. Accordingly, even if we overlook the part which may be played in the teaching/learning of modern languages by activities in which the learner produces an L1 text in response to an L1 stimulus (as may often be the case with regard to the sociocultural component), some 24 activity types may be distinguished. For example, the following cases (Table 6) in which both input and output are in the target language. Whilst such text-to-text activities have a place in everyday language use, they are par- ticularly frequent in language learning/teaching and testing. The more mechanical meaning-preserving activities (repetition, dictation, reading aloud, phonetic transcrip- tion) are currently out of favour in communication-oriented language teaching owing to their artificiality and what are seen as undesirable backwash effects. A case can perhaps be made for them as testing devices for the technical reason that performance depends Language use and the language user/learner 99 closely on the ability to use linguistic competences to reduce the information content of the text. In any case, the advantage of examining all possible combinations of categories in taxonomic sets is not only that it enables experience to be ordered, but also that it reveals gaps and suggests new possibilities. Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment 100 Table 6. Text-to-text activities Download 5.68 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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