The english diphthongs

Part of tongue raised: the hinder part of the front;

Postion of lips: neutral.

Opening between the jaws: rather wide.

The tongue-tip is touching or nearly touching lower front teeth, and as in the case of allordinary vowels, the soft palateis its raised position and the vocal cords are in vibration.

Forms of spelling:

(o. u) as in loud, shout;
(o. w), as bow, town;
(e. o), as in the proper noun MacLeod/meaklaud/.

To pronounce the English diphthong /au/ correctly it is not necessare that /u/ should actually be reached. The proper offect will be given as long as a considerable portion of the movement towards /a/ is performed.

7. 
   Words for practice: pound,bough,bow (bend the body)town,doubt,cow,gown,mouth,now,loud,row,(noise),wound(past tense of the verb wind),fowl,foul,vow,thousand,thou,(pig),resound,shout,how,loud,house,out,bough,loud,house,out,
   
8. 
   Pathans often substitute the second element /u/ of this diphthong with the approximant /w/when this diphthong occurs in the final position. Thus they often pronounce ‘now’ /nau/as/naw/.
   
9. 
   Like ALL OTHER DIPHTHONGS,THIS DIPHTHONG TOO IS SHORT BEFORE UNVOICED CONSONANTS AND LONG BEFORE THE VOICED ONES AND WHEN IN AN OPEN syllable.Thus bow/bau ‘and bowed’ /baud/would be longer than ‘bout’/baut/.
   
10. 
    In the so-called triphthong /ane/,the tongue never reaches the schwa position /ane/more nearly represents the pronuncuation usually heard. The levelling is often carried so far that a diphthong of the type/ae/results. Thus power which would usually be transcribed/paue/is oftenpronounced/pae/or/pa/.The levelling is sometimes carried so far that the triphthong becomes reduced to a single long a:Thus power may often be heard as pa:This levelling of the triphthong is especially frequent when a consonant follows,as in powerful(transcribed/paue fl/,but usually pronounced/paefl/or /pa:fl/,our own(transcribed aue®/own,but usually pronounced auer,own or aer,own or a:r’own).
    

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ENGLISH DIPHTHONG NO. 5: (ɔɪ)

1. 
   The first part of this diphthong has the same quality as o: in ,ball; ,awful, s the tongue moves closer to the roof of the mouth there is at the same time a rounding movement of the lips: This movement is not a larg one, again because the second part of the diphthong is weak.
   
2. 
   Forms of spelling:
   

(o. i), as oil, noise,;
(o. y), as in boy, employs;
(3) Words for practice:
point, boy, toy, toil, coin, choice, joint, noise, loyal, royal, foil, voice, soil, hoist.
(4)Pathans often substitute this diphthong with the diphthong /ai/. Thus they would pronounce the words “joy”as/jai/instead of /joi/ and “toy” as /tai/.